TERACOLUS. By Dr. C. Aurivillius. 
53 
T. pleione is very similar to the preceding species, but has no grey basal spot on the upperside of 
the forewing; the gold-yellow or light orange-yellow hindmarginal spot of the forewing above almost reaches 
the base of the cell and also covers the costal margin and the cell of the hindwing, but is sometimes absent 
in the ?. — In pleione Klug (vol. I, pi. 23 c) the yellow colour of the forewing in the d covers also the basal 
part of cellules 4 and 5; in the ? the wings above are entirely yellow or white, ab. tethys Rob. (vol. I, pi. 23 c). 
The larva lives on Capparis droserifolia and Cadaba glandulosa, is at first brownish and afterwards pea-green. 
Pupa cream-coloured, spotted with green and with strongly protuberant wing-cases. Arabia. White Nile. The 
dry-season form miriam Fldr. (= chrysomelis Btlr .) occurs together with the type-form. — heliocaustus Btlr. 
The yellow colour on the underside of the forewing does not cover cellules 4 and 5, but is anteriorly bounded 
by vein 3 or 4. Somaliland. 
T. niveus Btlr. (15 f) This small, peculiar species only occurs on the island of Socotra and is probably 
best included in this group. Both wings above white, at the base more or less suffused with blackish; the 
forewing above at the extremities of veins 4—8 with triangular black marginal spots, which are more or less 
broadly separated by the white ground-colour, in the d a small orange-yellow spot is placed just proximally 
to the marginal spots in cellules 4—7, but in the ? a transverse row of 4—5 black spots, sometimes such 
spots are also present in cellules 3—la, in which the ? strongly recalls that of pleione; the forewing in the 
d without dot at the end of the cell, in the ? with a small one; the hindwing above in the d without 
markings, in the ? with 3—4. marginal spots and with indications of submarginal spots; the under surface of 
the d white without markings, that of the ? with more or less distinct submarginal spots and median dots. 
candidus Btlr. is a cf-form in which the marginal spots of the forewing above are entirely absent, so that 
the apex has only an isolated orange-yellow spot. 
The somewhat enigmatical T. aldabrensis Hall., which is unknown to me in nature, is perhaps most 
nearly allied to niveus. The d is white with a small black spot at the costal margin shortly before the apex 
and with the costal margin of the hindwing beneath yellow at the base; the ? is also white, but has between 
the costal margin and vein 3 or 2 on the upperside of the forewing a broad black marginal band, which 
encloses 5—6 white spots, beneath the hindwing and the apex of the forewing are yellowish. Only found 
on the smal island of Aldabra. 
Evippe group. 
The numerous species belonging to this group are nearly always distinguished in the male by a brilliantly coloured 
ornamental spot at the apex of the forewing above. I divide the species into 12 subgroups according to the character 
of the ornamental spot. 
1. Sub-Group. 
The broad black marginal band on the upperside of the forewing reaches the hindmargin in both sexes and is 
continued along it without interruption to the base; only in a few extreme dry-season forms of the ? is it posteriorly broken 
up into spots and indistinct at the hindmargin; in the a 71 it has no spot at the hinder angle, but in the ? there is a large 
light spot of the ground-colour there. The ornamental spot of the d is violet-black, violet-brown or grey-violet and encloses 
5 elongate ochre-yellow spots. Only one species. 
T eris has the ground-colour above white, or in the ¥ sometimes sulphur-yellow; the hindwing has 
above in the d a broad black costal-marginal band, which reaches vein 6, but not the distal margin; in the 
? this band is wanting; marginal spots are entirely absent or in summer forms may even be quite large. 
Butler specifies 4 local races of this species, which, however, cannot be distinguished, or only by the summer 
forms of the d. — eris King (16f) was described from Nubia and is according to Butler the form which is 
distributed from German East Africa to Somaliland, Abyssinia and Nubia and from there to Senegal. In the d 
the black median dot of the forewing above and the marginal spots of the hindwing above are absent ; the 
white submarginal spot in cellule 3 of the forewing is very small or absent; the ? has usually large marginal 
spots on the hindwing above and white to white-yellow or bright yellow (f. abyssinicus Btlr.) ground-colour 
on the upper surface, ab. teitensis is the name given by Miss Sharpe to a form from Teita in British East 
Africa, in which the light submarginal spot in cellule 3 of the forewing above is larger than in other forms, 
f. fatma Fldr. is the dry-season form of the ? and differs in that the dark marginal band on the upperside 
of the forewing only forms a triangular apical spot, which terminates at vein 4 and is then represented by 
triangular marginal spots on veins 3 and 2 and by small rounded submarginal spots in lb— 3; the dark 
hindmarginal stripe is absent or only indicated; sometimes also submarginal spots 4—8 are completely separated 
from the marginal band. — opalescens Btlr. (16 f) is larger than eris and distinguished by the broad orange- 
yellow costal margin and the yellow longitudinal line of cellule lc on the underside of the hindwing; the 
marginal spots of the hindwing are large and distinct also in the d\ in the smaller winter form (f. punctigera Lanz, 
as torrida 16g) the hindwing is beneath reddish without orange-yellow longitudinal stripes and on both 
surfaces without marginal spots. Is said to be distributed from Delagoa Bay to Nyassaland and the Victoria 
Nyanza. — johnstoni Btlr. is the form which occurs from the eastern part of Cape Colony to Natal, the 
Transvaal and Manicaland; it agrees almost entirely with the type-form, but is said to be distinguishable by 
pleione. 
tethys. 
miriam. 
heliocaustus 
niveus 
candidus. 
aldabrensis. 
eris. 
abyssinicus. 
teitensis. 
fatma. 
opalescens. 
punctigera. 
johnstoni. 
