58 
TERACOLUS. By Dr. C. Aurivillius. 
ornamental spot is broader, can, however, scarcely be separated from evippe and show that omphale is probably 
only a race of evippe. — omphale Godt. (18e) is the summer form, with white ground-colour on the under 
surface; the forewing has a sharply defined black hindmarginal stripe, which also covers the base and the 
costal margin of the hindwing; the hindwing has a broad black transverse band behind the middle; the 
proximal black bordering of the ornamental spot is very broad. — omphaloides Btlr. is an intermediate 
form, which only differs from the summer form in having the transverse band of the hindwing absent or 
reduced and the under surfaced tinged with reddish. — theogone Bdv. (19a) is the winter form and has the 
under surface reddish, irrorated or clouded with brown; the black transverse band on the upperside of the 
hindwing in the c? is entirely absent and in the ? is much less developed than in the summer form; the 
hindmarginal stripe of the forewing is always narrower than in the summer form and in the ? often entirely 
absent; the ornamental spot of the cd is larger, but its black bordering narrower than in the summer form. - 
pyrrhopterus Btlr. appears to be an extreme winter form; the under surface of the hindwing and of the apex 
of the forewing is bright rose-red, sprinkled and striated with brown; the upper surface is marked quite as 
in theogone. — The species occurs in the whole of South Africa to Angola and the southern parts of the 
Congo State, in East. Africa, Abyssinia, Arabia and Senegambia. 
T. pallene is always smaller than the preceding species. In the cT the dark transverse band on the 
upperside of the hindwing is entirely absent and in the ? it is curved and parallel with the distal margin; 
in the summer forms the median dot of the forewing is always distinct. — pallene Hopff. (18 f, the underside 
belongs to a ?, not a cd) is the winter form, which has a reddish under surface. The hindmarginal stripe of 
the forewing is completely absent in the c? and is only indicated in the $; the hindwing above only with 
free marginal dots; ? with black marginal band on the forewing and without ornamental spot; the ornamental 
spot of the cd only narrowly margined with black. — infumatus Btlr. (== wissmanni Stiff.) (18 f) is the summer 
form. It is as usual somewhat larger, above with the black markings better developed and beneath with 
white to greenish ground-colour; the forewing above with the hindmarginal stripe mediumly broad in the cf, 
very broad in the ?; marginal spots of the hindwing united into a marginal band. Namaqualand, Matabele- 
land, Zambesi, Nyassaland. — seineri Strand , which is unknown to me, seems from the description to be an 
intermediate form between pallene and infumatus. 
T. daira. The forms which I here unite under this name are usually regarded as three separate 
species and were formerly so cited by me also. But in view of the fact that it is impossible to distinguish 
the winter forms of the three species and that the differences between the summer forms are not important, 
1 now consider it best to regard all the forms as one species. The species is always smaller than omphale. 
In the cfcd of the summer form the ornamental spot is broadly margined with black all round, the hind¬ 
marginal stripe of the forewing is well developed or at least represented by a spot behind the middle of the 
hindmargin, the transverse band of the hindwing on the other band is wanting or is united with the marginal 
band; the median dot of the forewing is always absent; the ?? of the summer form have often a yellow or 
yellowish ground-colour and may occur either with or without ornamental spot. In the dV of the winter 
form the proximal black bordering of the ornamental spot is completely wanting and the distal bordering is 
mostly broken up into marginal spots; the hindmarginal stripe of the forewing and the transverse band of the 
hindwing are entirely absent; the marginal spots of the hindwing are small and free or entirely absent. — 
thruppi. thruppi Btlr. (19 b, c) is the extreme summer form and is distinguished by the broad, deep black, .sharply 
defined hindmarginal stripe of the forewing, which also covers the base of the hindwing, and by the broad 
flavidus. marginal band of the hindwing above; the ? has usually white, but sometimes also yellow ground-colour (?-ab. 
daira. flavidus Auriv). Occurs only in districts where the rainfall is greater, e. g. in Brit. East Africa. — daira King (19 a) 
is the usual summer form. The hindmarginal stripe of the forewing is narrower, less sharply defined, along 
the middle often lighter or even indistinct and covering none or but little of the base of the hindwing; the 
marginal band of the hindwing above is well developed or broken up into spots; the ?? seem always to have 
a yellow ground-colour, but are very variable as regards the black markings, sometimes the hindmarginal 
stripe of the forewing and the marginal band of the hindwing are well developed, sometimes the former is 
flams, absent and the latter represented by free marginal spots, ?-ab. flavus Auviv. (19 a). — In Arabia occurs a 
yerburei. third summer form, which closely approximates to daira; it has been named yerburei Swinh. (19 c) and is 
distinguished by the absence of the hindmarginal stripe of the forewing, which is replaced by a black spot 
. , . in 1 b behind the middle, while the greater part of the marginal band of the hindwing is broken up into 
SMJ I'iXhOBt ^ 1 ° ° 1 
evagore. s P ots ; the ground-colour is white, rarely sulphur-yellow (= ab. swinhoei Btlr., 19 c).— evagore King (= nouna 
Luc., lieuglini Fldr.) (19 a, b, c, 20 a) is the winter form. The ornamental spot is only slightly reddish and 
always proximally without black bordering and the narrow distal bordering is often broken up into spots; in 
the cf no other markings are present above or only small submarginal spots on the hindwing; in the ?? the 
ground-colour is white or reddish white and the black markings on the upper surface are absent or much 
reduced, the ornamental spot is often divided by a narrow black submarginal band. The under surface is 
in both sexes reddish or sometimes almost white. — The species occurs in Brit. East Africa, Somaliland, 
omphale. 
ompha¬ 
loides. 
theogone- 
pyrrho¬ 
pterus. 
pallene. 
infumatus. 
seineri. 
