64 
TERIAS. iBy Dr. C. Aurivillius. 
thaurunia. 
grandidieri. 
brenda. 
maculata. 
senegalensis. 
bisinuata. 
anjuana. 
floricola. 
ceres. 
Strains, the wings are white above and hence almost entirely similar to the d, only differing in the dark costal margin 
and the somewhat larger marginal spots of the forewing. The species is common everywhere throughout the region. 
C. thauruma Beak. (21a). d: the wings above white, broadly sulphur-yellow at the base; the forewing 
with a black spot at the end of the cell; under surface slightly reddish white, in the ? both wings are above 
yellowish white in the basal area, broadly light ochre-yellowish at the distal margin; the fore wing with large 
median spot, free red-brown submarginal and marginal spots; under surface orange-yellow with brown 
median spots. Madagascar. 
C. grandidieri Mab. is very similar to the preceding species and probably only its rainy-season form. 
The d only differs in having the spot at the end of the cell on the forewing absent or very small. The ? 
has white ground-colour, a black marginal band on the forewing, which is continuous to the hinder angle, 
black costal margin to the forewing, free black submarginal spots on both wings, as well as dark marginal 
spots on the hindwing. Madagascar. 
12. Genus: Terias Strains. 
The species of Terias are small, bright yellow to almost white Pierids, and occur commonly in all 
the tropical and subtropical countries. Like the Teracolus-species they are very susceptible to climatic condi¬ 
tions and develop pronounced seasonal forms. In the summer forms the dark markings on the upper surface 
are better developed, but the under surface is white or yellow and almost without markings. The winter 
forms on tire contrary have the dark markings on the upperside less developed and the under surface spotted 
with black or brown and often reddish. 
The Ethiopian Region produces only a few species, which, however, are among the most conspicuous 
of the Pierids owing to their great abundance and bright colouring. They are mimicked by species of the 
Lycaenid genera Teriomima and Liptena. The distal margin of the hindwing in the African species is uniformly 
curved or only very feebly angled between veins 3 and 4. Veins 6 and 7 of the hindwing arise from the 
same point or only very little separated. The sexes usually differ in the ground-colour of the ?? being lighter, 
more whitish. - The larvae are cylindrical, with very short, fine hairs. The pupa is elongated, pointed at 
both ends and has the wing-cases strongly ventricose. For further particulars concerning the genus cf. vol. I. 
p. 58, pi. 23; vol. V. p. 80, 106, pi. 24;’vol. IX, p. 165, pi. 73. 
The African species belong to two groups, which, however, can only be sharply differentiated in the male. 
Hecabe Group. 
In the d the median of the forewing is accompanied at its base on both sides : as far as vein 2 by a narrow streak 
of modified scales. These streaks stand out darkly when the wing is held up against the light. The forewing above with 
a complete, continuous black marginal band reaching the hinder angle, and proximally dentate at least on vein 4 or 5. 
T. brenda Dbl. & Hew. (22c). The black marginal band of the forewing above projects the furthest 
proximad at vein 4, is deeply excised between veins 2 and 4 and usually projects sharply proximad again at 
vein 2. The wings in the d sulphur-yellow, in the ? white-yellow to almost white, the hindwing above with 
marginal dots, which are sometimes united into a narrow marginal band, the under surface without markings 
or only with indistinct grey spots on the hindwing. — maculata Auriv. (22 c) is the winter form and is 
distinguished by a large brown apical spot on the underside of the forewing and by distinct markings on that 
of the hindwing. — This is the largest of the Ethiopian species, having an expanse of 40—50 mm., and 
occurs in the whole West African forest region to Uganda and in Portuguese East Africa. 
T. senegalensis Bdv. (22 c) has the marginal band of the forewing formed exactly as in the preceding- 
species, but is smaller, 27—40 mm., and has the ground-colour in the d darker, gold-yellow or ochre-yellow¬ 
ish, in the ? light yellow or whitish; the wings are beneath more or less without markings. In the winter 
form, bisinuata Btlr. (22 d), the forewing has beneath a dark brown subapical spot and the hindwing distinct 
brown spots. This species is scarcely different from the Asiatic T. hecabe and occurs commonly in the whole 
Ethiopian Region. — anjuana Btlr. occurs on the Comoro Island Johanna, has a light ground-colour and according 
to Butler is similar to the following species, but lias a broader marginal band on the forewing and is smaller. 
T. floricola Bdv. (22 d). The black marginal band of the forewing above projects furthest proximad 
on vein 5 or on the fold between veins 4 and 5, but usually only obtusely and slightly, and is then between 
vein 4 and the hinder angle quite narrow and of uniform breadth, often entirely without a trace of teeth; 
the ground-colour in the d bright yellow, in the ? lighter; the under surface almost without markings, the 
hindwing above with small marginal dots or rarely with narrow marginal band. The winter form, ceres Btlr. 
(22 d), has a lighter ground-colour above, on the underside of the forewing a brown subapical spot and on 
the hindwing distinct brown spots. 
Brigitta Group. 
The forewing in the d without scale-streak at the base of the median. The marginal band of the forewing is 
either incomplete, not reaching the hinder angle, or, if complete, uniformly curved on the proximal side, without incisions. 
