74 
AMAURIS. By Dr. C. Aurivillius. 
aethiops. 
domini- 
canus. 
damocles. 
psyttalea. 
dam oc I ides. 
tartarea. 
reata. 
bulbifera. 
a 
moxarli. 
A. niavius is easy to recognize by the large hindmarginal spot, reaching the hindmargin, and the 
broad, continuous, white subapical band of the forewing and the large, white basal area of the hindwing, 
which is far removed from the hinder angle and divided by the deep black veins; the cell of the hindwing 
is unspotted or has a white transverse streak at the costal margin behind the middle; the forewing with, the 
hindwing without submarginal dots, the mealy spot of the d is black-grey and hence stands out but little. 
— In niavius L. (23d) the white basal area of the hindwing reaches at most to the apex of the cell: the 
subapical band of the forewing is 6—8 mm in breadth and reaches the submarginal dots in cellule 3. Sierra 
Leone to Angola and Uganda. — aethiops Bofhsch. & Jord. only differs from the typical form in having the suba¬ 
pical band of the forewing narrower, leaving the submarginal dots free in cellule 3. Abyssinia. - dominicanus 
Trim. (23 c) is the southern and eastern race and is at once distinguished by the white basal area of the hindwing 
extending far beyond the apex of the cell; the subapical band of the forewing is also broader on an average, 
g—io mm. in width. From Natal to British East Africa: in the districts bordering on Victoria Nvanza occur 
distinct transitions to the typical form. — As mimetic parallel forms to niavius must be mentioned the local 
races of Hypolimnas antliedon and some female forms of Papilio dardanus (hippocoon and hippocoonoides). 
The following three species are very nearly allied and are distinguished by having the discal spot 
in cellule 3 of the forewing larger than those of cellules 4 and 5 and separated from them, being placed 
nearer to the distal margin. The discal spot in cellule 2 is large, reaches vein 3 and touches a quadrate 
spot in the cell and a usually streak-like spot in cellule 1 b. The mealy spot of the d near the anal angle 
of the hindwing is almost black and hence stands out distinctly against the somewhat lighter ground-colour. 
Vein 11 of the forewing touches vein 12. — The forms of Hypolimnas dubius form a parallel mimetic series 
with those of this group. 
A. damocles. The light basal area of the hindwing reaches at least the middle of the cell; the discal 
spot in cellule 3 of the forewing is rounded. - damocles Beam. The light basal area of the hindwing does 
not reach the apex of the cell; the hindwing usually without submarginal dots; cellule la on the forewing 
unicolorous black, ah. psyttalea Plotz (25a) only differs in that the white basal area of the hindwing 
reaches to the apex of the cell or somewhat beyond it; the hindwing has usually white submarginal dots in 
cellules 3—6. These two forms occur in the whole of West Africa from Sierra Leone to Angola and Uganda 
and intergrade without any dividing line. — damoclides Stgr. (25 b) has a large basal area on the hindwing, 
which extends so far beyond the apex of the cell that at vein 4 the dark marginal band is only 5—6 mm. 
in breadth; in cellule la of the forewing there is a white line and often also a white streak in the basal 
part of cellule lb; the submarginal dots of cellules 3 — 6 on the hindwing are always well developed. East 
Africa to Uganda. 
A. tartarea Mob. (25 a). The forewing is marked quite as in damocles or has a short whitish streak 
in the basal part of eellnle 1 b; the hindwing is above unicolorous black-brown without markings or at most 
slightly scaled with white at the base (= ab. reata Suff). Cameroons, Gaboon, Congo Region. 
A. bulbifera Smith (25 a) differs from the preceding in having the discal spot in cellule 3 of the forewing 
more or less distinctly continued as a curved streak to the posterior inner angle of cellule 3; the discal spot 
in cellule 1 b of the forewing is larger and often double, in the basal part of this cellule there is a white 
streak; the white basal area of the hindwing is small and does not reach the apex of the cell. Cameroons, 
Gaboon and German East Africa. — Larva brown-black with a row of oval yellowish spots at each side of 
the dorsum, which are larger on the first and last segments; there are also similar spots on the sides; head 
and legs deep black. 
To this group also apparently belongs A. mozarti Stiff. Black with white markings; forewing in cellule 
2 with a large discal spot which fills up the base of the cellule and extends to the middle of cellule lb; three 
small discal spots are placed in cellules 3, 4 and 5, the one in 3 is but little larger than that in 2 and is 
about midway between distal margin and median; in the cell there is a large quadrate spot, adjacent to spot 
2, and in the basal part of cellule lb a white dot; small submarginal spots in lb, 6, 7, 9 and 10; hindwing 
with a small whitish basal area, covering the base of cellule 6 and a part of the cell and of cellule 7. Cameroons. 
Egialea Group. 
The species of this group are easy to recognize by the uneven, white-spotted fringes of the wings and the white, 
rarely somewhat yellowish basal area of the hindwing. They form two natural subgroups. 
