Publ. 15. VIII. 1911. 
PARARGE: APHYSONEURA; MENERIS. By Dr. C, Aurivillius. 
105 
7. Genus: Pararge Hbn. 
The genus Pararge properly belongs to the Palearctic Region and only extends into the eastern part 
of the Ethiopian in a single species. With regard to the generic distinguishing characters and the early stages 
it is sufficient to refer to vol. I, p. 133. In working out the Indo-Australian fauna Fruhstorfer, following a 
different nomenclature, calls the few species which have reached the Indian Region by the generic name 
Satyrus Latr. (vol. IX, p. 310). 
P. maderakel Guer. (28f) resembles the European species maera and hiera ; the wings above grey- maderakel. 
brown; the forewing above in cellule 5 with a large, black, white-pupilled and yellow-bordered eye-spot and 
before this a yellow transverse line between veins 3 and 7, two dark transverse lines in the cell and another 
before the distal margin; the hindwing above with three eye-spots ringed with grey-yellow in cellules 2 — 4, 
the one in cellule 3 the largest. The forewing beneath is marked almost as above, except that the yellow 
transverse streak before the eye-spot is widened posteriorly into a more or less distinct grey-yellow transverse 
band. The hindwing beneath is black-grey with 2 or 3 fine, sinuous, black transverse lines in the basal part 
and seven eye-spots, of which two are placed in cellule lc and one each in cellules 2—6; the eye-spots are 
black, with white pupils, and have 4 fine rings, the first and third light, grey or yellowish, and the others 
blackish; before the distal margin two undulate dark lines. Abyssinia and northern Somaliland. 
8. Genus: Apliysoneura Karsch. 
Forewing with the costal margin moderately curved, the distal margin slightly undulate, fairly straight, 
and the hindmargin straight. The cell reaches the middle of the wing. Hindwing with the distal margin 
very strongly undulate, at vein 2 with an obtuse lobe, at vein 4 produced into a sharp point. The postcostal 
vein is short and curved distad; veins 3 and 4 from the posterior angle of the cell or short-stalked. — This 
aberrant genus is only represented by a single species and is peculiar to Africa. The early stages are not known. 
A. pigmentaria Karsch (28e) has the ground-colour of both wings whitish-yellow. The forewing above ^aria.' 1 
has the apical part black, irregularly defined proximally, extending from somewhat before the middle of the 
costal margin to the hinder angle and enclosing 3 or 4 light submarginal spots in cellules 3, 4, 6 and 7. The 
hindwing with blackish marginal band, which at vein 5 is only about 2 mm. in breadth, but is widened 
anteriorly and posteriorly, so that at the anal angle it has a breadth of 6 mm. The forewing beneath is 
coloured and marked almost as above, but has two black transverse spots in the basal part of the cell and 
a distinct eye-spot in cellule 5, surrounded by a light and a dark ring. The basal part of the hindwing beneath 
is almost completely covered with dark brown spots and sharply dentate transverse lines, only leaving the white 
ground-colour clear in the basal part of cellules 3 and 4; the hindwing has 7 very large eye-spots with yellow 
and dark rings, the one in cellule 4 smaller than the rest. Nyassaland, German and Rritish East Africa. 
9. Genus: Meneris Westw. 
The wings are large and broad; the forewing above bears two transverse rows of sharply prominent 
light spots, but no eye-spots or rarely an indistinct one in cellule 5; the hindwing, on the other hand, has 
on each surface a transverse row of large eye-spots. Distal margin of the hindwing undulate. Antenna with 
irregularly rounded club, only gradually thickening. — Larva thick, spindle-shaped, with two small points at 
the anal end; the surface finely haired. Pupa strongly built, with rounded sides; the wing-cases are very 
protuberant and the dorsum is deeply constricted between thorax and abdomen; the anal point is long and 
slender. — The genus only occurs in South Africa and consists of three large and strikingly coloured species. 
M. tulbaghia L. (29 e) is one of the largest and most beautiful of all the known Satyrids and was tulbaghia. 
described by Linne from specimens sent him by the then governor of Cape Colony, Tullbach. The wings 
are above very dark chocolate-brown; the forewing has behind the middle two transverse rows of large 
orange-yellow spots, the proximal row interrupted in cellule 4, and the hindwing a similarly coloured, sharply 
defined transverse band immediately behind the apex of the cell; in the? the cell of the forewing has a yellow 
transverse spot somewhat before its apex; behind the transverse band the hindwing has 4 or 5 large, black, 
white-pupilled eye-spots, more or less mixed with blue scales and with yellowish rings, in cellules 1 c—3 (4) 
and 5. The under surface has a lighter, grey-brown ground-colour and the markings of the upper surface 
are here light yellow or whitish yellow and often bordered with black; the cell of the forewing also in the 
cf with light transverse spot before the apex, the basal part of the hindwing with dentate, black transverse 
lines; the eye-spots of the hindwing are larger and have a black, a yellow and again a black ring; the first 
Xlll 14 
