CYMOTHOE. By Dr. C. Aurivillius. 
143 
a. Distal margin of the hindwing projecting at vein 1 b as far as ($) or much further 
than at vein 2. 4. Euryphura. 
b. Distal margin of the hindwing, especially in the <$, projecting most at the ex¬ 
tremity of vein 2, more than at vein 1 b. 8. Diestogyna. 
2. Sexes alike in colour and markings and with almost the same wing-contour. Vein 
10 of the forewing always from the cell. 
a. Vein 6 of the forewing separated from the stalk of veins 7—9 by a short, oblique 
upper discocellular. 6. Harmilla. 
b. Vein 6 of the forewing arises from the same point as the stalk of veins 7—9, 
the upper discocellular being entirely absent. 7. Crenidomimas. 
§§ Vein 9 of the forewing in the $ also arises nearer to the apex of the cell than to vein 8. 
Veins 3 and 4 of the forewing further separated at their origin than veins 5 and 6. The 
preeostal vein of the hindwing always arises a little before the point where vein 8 sepa¬ 
rates from the cell. Vein 10 of the forewing always from the cell. 
1. Palpus with grey hairs. 9. Euryphene. 
2. Palpus with orange-yellow hairs. 10. Euphaedra. 
ft Vein 9 of the forewing in both sexes arises from the stalk of 7 and 8, much nearer to vein 
8 than to the apex of the cell, Veins 3 and 4 of the forewing at least as far apart at 
their origin as veins 5 and 6. The preeostal vein of the hindwing arises at or somewhat be¬ 
fore the point at which vein 8 separates from the cell. Vein 10 of the forewing always from 
the cell. 11. Hamcmumida. 
b. The preeostal vein of the hindwing arises from vein 8 after this separates from the anterior margin 
of the cell. Cell of the hindwing open. 12. Aterica. 
B. Vein 10 of the forewing arises from the stalk of 7—9 far beyond the apex of the cell. 
a. The preeostal vein of the hindwing arises from vein 8 at or a little before the point where this sepa¬ 
rates from the cell. Sexes quite different. 13. Cynandra. 
b. The preeostal vein of the hindwing arises from vein 8 after this separates from the cell. Cell of the 
hindwing open. Veins 3 and 4 of the forewing rather widely separated. Sexes similar. 
1. Forewing short and broad with the distal margin nearly straight. Vein 11 of the forewing free. 
14. Pseudargynnis. 
2. Fore wing elongate with the distal margin curved and the apex, broadly rounded. Vein 11 of the 
hindwing united with vein 12 for some distance. 15. Catuna. 
II. The space between the stalk of veins 7—-9 (—10) on the forewing and veins (10—) 11—42 is wide or very 
wide. Cells closed. 
a. Vein 10 of the forewing arises beyond the apex of the cell from the stalk of 7—9. Veins 3 and 4 of 
the forewing rather widely separated. 16. Pseudoneptis. 
b. Vein 10 of the forewing arises before the apex of the cell. Veins 3 and 4 of the forewing from a point 
or very near together. 17. Pseudacraea. 
1. Genus: tymothoe Him. 
Large to medium-sized butterflies, the sexes usually quite different in colour and markings. The <$<$ 
are as a rule lighter above and more unicolorous than the which are often dark but ornamented with 
light markings. The latter are, moreover, sometimes polymorphic. On account of these great differences 
in the sexes the identity of A and $ of some species has not yet been certainly proved. Many questions 
with regard to the Cymothoe species can only be solved by exact observations in nature and by breeding from 
the larvae. 
The larva has on segments 2—11 on each side of the dorsum a strong, erect, but little branched spine 
and on each side below the spiracles a very minute spine. The head is unarmed. 
Pupa moderately rounded, without spines or warts, but with two short points on the head. The distal 
margin of the wing-cases stands out very sharply and a sharp longitudinal keel runs along the dorsal side from 
the anterior margin of the mesothorax to the end of the eighth segment. By this keel and their much more 
slender build the pupae of Cymothoe are distinguished from those of Charaxes. 
The Cymothoe species occur only in wooded country, are rare in South and East Africa and only absent 
on Madagascar, the Mascarenes and the Comoros. They form several natural groups, which, however, cannot 
always be sharply distinguished in both sexes. The following synopsis of the groups may facilitate the deter¬ 
mination of the numerous species. 
