148 
CYMOTHOE. By Dr. C. Aurivillius. 
heliada. 
hesiodus. 
hesiodina. 
hypatha 
fumana. 
in cellule 3 begins a black-brown transverse band, 6—7 mm. in breadth, which is continued to vein lb on the 
hindwing; the submarginal line on the forewing is narrow, but on the hindwing widened into a black-brown 
band 5 mm. in breadth; between the median band and the submarginal band the ground-colour is grey; distal 
margin of both wings light brown, not darkened. On the Ituri River. 
C. heliada Hew. (35 b). In the $ the wings are light orange above with a common black lunulate 
submarginal line, which, however, is well separated from the darkened marginal band of about 2 mm. in breadth; 
forewing dark olive-brown at the base as far as vein 2 and with two sinuous transverse lines in the cell; hind¬ 
wing from the base to far beyond the middle blackish or often somewhat lighter at the base and then with broad 
black median band, sometimes cleft at the costal margin. Under surface light yellow with brown markings 
and straight brown-red median line. In the $ both wings above are blackish in the basal part to beyond 
the middle, with two large yellowish spots in the cell of the forewing; the apical part of the forewing is whitish 
grey, at the distal margin black-grey, with two dentate black submarginal lines; the whitish grey colour reaches 
the middle of the wing in cellules 3-—6 and at the costal margin, but in cellules 1 b and 2 has a breadth 
of only about 10 mm.; the hindwing has a brown-grey marginal band 10 mm. in breadth, spotted with white 
in cellules 6 and 7 and with sharply marked black lunulate line. Cameroons to Kassai. 
C. hesiodus Hew. In the <$ the wings are orange above, not or little darkened at the base, and with 
a sharply defined black-brown marginal band 4 mm. in breadth, which reaches the outer extremities of the 
fine lunulate line, but leaves free its inner extremities, which show a punctiform thickening; hindwing with 
deep black median band, 8—10 mm. in breadth, not sharply defined, extending to the inner margin and at the 
anal angle joining the marginal band; under surface grey-brown, weakly marked, with a dentate median line. 
In the $ the distal margin of the forewing is deeply emarginate behind the apex and the basal half of both 
wings dark violet-brown above; this colour is distally bounded by a blackish band, then follows a light band, 
which begins somewhat beyond the middle of the costal margin on the forewing and is white as far as vein 2 
of the forewing, but in cellules la and lb and on the hindwing brown-yellow and about 7mm. in breadth; 
on the forewing the apical part distally to the transverse band is blackish, with three white dots in 3-—6, but 
on the hindwing the marginal band and the submarginal line are almost exactly as in the <$. Gaboon to Angola. 
C. hesiodina Am. Schultze is near the preceding species, but is smaller, having an expanse of about 
54 mm. The forewing of the $ is orange, at the base brown-yellow as far as vein 2, the marginal line very 
narrow, only widened at the apex, and the submarginal line entirely absent or only indicated by minute dots; 
at the middle of the hindmargin a black patch, which scarcely reaches the middle of cellule 1 b. The hindwing 
is deep black from the base to far beyond the middle; in cellules 1 c-—5 the black colour nearly reaches the lunu¬ 
late line, but is more restricted in cellules 6 and 7, the orange-colour of the marginal band here extending 
basewards for a breadth of 6 mm. The under surface with yellow ground-colour, brown markings and red 
median line, on the forewing indistinct. $ unknown. Was discovered in 1896 in North-West Cameroons at the 
upper Cross River by Lieutenant Arnold Schultze. 
C. hypatha Hew. (34 d). In the <$ the wings are light orange above, darkened with brown-grey at the 
base and with a common deep black median band, 12—13mm. in breadth, but terminating on the forewing at 
the base of vein 3; the marginal band is 3 mm. in breadth and completely separated from the submarginal 
line, which is but little sinuous and often only represented by dots. The under surface is light smoke-brown 
with black transverse markings in the basal part and reddish median line. The $ is very similar to that of 
fumana (34 c) and only differs in having the light marginal band of the upper surface broader and at the distal 
margin more or less darkened and with the lunulate line nearly in the middle; the median line of the under 
surface is reddish, sharply expressed, curved basewards at the costal margin of the forewing. Gold Coast to - 
Cameroons. 
6 . Fumana Group. 
The species of this group are nearly related and are easy to distinguish from, the other groups. The distal mar¬ 
gin of both wings and especially of the hindwing is strongly undulate and that of the forewing in the moderately, in the 
$ deeply emarginate in the middle. Tire sexes are quite unlike on the upperside. In the the hindwing is unicolorous 
black or blackish above or has a yolk-yellow to orange marginal band 5—7 mm. in breadth, in which is placed a sub- 
marginal line, either continuous or broken up into dots; the forewing on the other hand has the apical half light yellow 
to tan-coloured and the basal part entirely or for the most black or blackish. In the $$ the hindwing has always a broad 
yellow marginal band and the forewing is either blackish to the apex or has before the distal margin a broad yellow 
band, similar to the marginal band of the hindwing; in addition the forewing has a transverse row of 3—6 white spots 
in the basal part of cellules 4—6 or 2—6 and 9 or a continuous white transverse band, running vertically from the costal 
margin in the direction of the hinder angle. On the under surface both wings have large white or whitish spots in the 
cell and in the basal part of cellules 1 c, 7 and 8 of the hindwing and lb, 4, 5 and 6 of the forewing; a dark median 
line forms the distal boundary of the basal area and is often accompanied proximally by light spots. 
C. fumana Westw. (34 e). The hindwing above black with a yellow marginal band 6^)—8($)mm. in 
breadth, extending from the anal angle to the costal margin; the snbmarginal line only continuous in cellules 
