CYMOTHOE. By Dr. C. Aurivillius. 
151 
middle of the wing, black-brown median line of the hindwing broader, prolonged to vein 2 of the forewing. 
The $ is black-brown above to beyond the middle, with distinct median line, ground-colour at the distal mar¬ 
gin of the hindwing broadly ochre-yellowish; the forewing has a broad whitish transverse band, beginning 
at the middle of the costal margin, reaching vein 2 or 1 and varied by the median line and the spots of 
the postdiscal and submarginal lines. Cameroons to the Kudu River. 
C. eris Auriv. The $ is the size and shape of caprina, but differs in having the basal part lighter, bluish eris. 
grey, and the median line of the hindwing above entirely absent; the postdiscal and submarginal lines are 
complete and blackish; the median line of the under surface is nearly straight and stands out sharply. The 
$ is similar to that of capelin (35 b), but differs in having the white transverse band of the forewing more indi¬ 
stinctly defined, but that of the hindwing in cellules 2—5 sharply defined, almost unmarked and about 5 mm. 
in breadth; the white spots at the base of cellules 2—5 on the forewing stand out sharply. Congo; rare. 
C. amphicede Cr. This very rare species closely approaches the following, but is smaller and much amphicede. 
more strongly marked; the costal margin of the forewing is much more broadly black-scaled and the postdiscal 
and submarginal transverse lines are much thicker and more sharply dentate; the under surface is lighter, white- 
yellowish. This species was described and figured by Cramer as long ago as 1777 from a specimen from “Guinea”. 
It has not been found since; there is, however, an old specimen in the Museum fur Naturkunde in Berlin which 
is possibly the original example figured by Cramer. 
C. COllsanguis Auriv. (35 a). both wings above cream-coloured, at the base narrowly dusted with consanguis. 
bluish grey; inner margin of the forewing brownish to vein 2 or at least to the fold of cellule lc; the post¬ 
discal row of spots complete, but sometimes not quite confluent; the median line of the under surface occasion¬ 
ally shows through above, but is there not distinct. The $ is black-brown above with white median band, 
only 3—4 mm. in breadth, with the proximal boundary straight, and is consequently similar to the $ of caenis 
(35 c), but always differs from it in having the black basal part of the upperside of the forewing cut off quite 
straight and evenly in cellules 1 a—3; the ground-colour of the under surface is a fairly uniform dark grey. 
Larva dirty yellow with glossy black head and black spines; head and body thinly clothed with short, fine 
hairs; first and twelfth segments quite unarmed; segments 2—-11 each with two dorsal spines and at each 
side a small lateral spine; the dorsal spines are long and strongly built, erect and widened at the base into a 
shiny plate; the first two and the last pair are somewhat longer, have 6—8 small lateral spines and 4 terminal 
points, the others have only three lateral spines below the middle and three terminal points. Of the lateral 
spines those on segments 2 and 3 are very short and simple, the rest short-stalked with the tips four-branched. 
The pupa has two short points on the head, but no other spines or protuberances; the distal margin of the 
wing-cases is very sharply keeled and above black; along the dorsum from the anterior margin of the meso- 
thorax to the anal extremity runs a sharp longitudinal carina; the cremaster is bent round almost at right 
angles towards the ventral side. Cameroons. 
C. caenis Drury (35 c) is the commonest and has been known the longest of all the Cymothoe- species. 
In the the ground-colour of the upper surface is very light, yellowish white or nearly white, and only very 
little darkened at the base; the inner margin of the hindwing is only darkened to the fold of cellule lc; the 
postdiscal line is broken up into spots and often incomplete, the spots in cellules 3—6 of the hindwing being 
absent or only represented by dots. The $ is variable; in the normal form (here figured) the white transverse 
band is 4—6 mm. in breadth and is sharply, but irregularly defined proximally. Sierra Leone to Angola and 
Uganda. $-ab. dumensis Strand differs in having the basal area of both wings strongly dusted with rust-reddish, dumensis. 
Cameroons. $-ab. eufhalioides Kirby has a broader white median band, 7—12 mm. in breadth, proximally euthalioides. 
without sharp boundary and encroaching into the basal area. In $-ab. conformis Auriv. the light ground-colour conformis. 
of the upper surface has almost the same distribution as in the <$] the present form differs, however, from the 
S in shape, in the fine black transverse lines in the cells and the thicker transverse lines before the distal margin. 
It is confusingly like the female form of adelina (35 d). Congo. ■— C. caenis is one of the few butterflies which caenis. 
sometimes congregate in innumerable swarms and, like the locusts, fly for hours in the same direction in exten¬ 
sive migrations. Such a flight was once observed in the Cameroons by the Swedish colonist K. Kntttson. 
C. coranus Smith (35 c) is a little larger than caenis and only differs in the male in having the veins coranus. 
above more broadly darkened at the base and without postdiscal spots; the marginal band is widened and 
almost completely united with the submarginal line. In the $ the white median band is about 7 mm. in breadth 
and at vein 4 of the forewing vertically bent towards the costal margin. Natal to British East Africa. 
C. harmilla Hew. is only known in the female and is evidently allied with the preceding species. Its harmilla. 
expanse reaches 85 mm.; both wings are blackish above in the basal half; the dark colour is deeply incised 
on the forewing in cellules 2—5, but on the hindwing sharply defined and weakly curved; the distal part of the 
forewing is light grey with black, sharply angled postdiscal and submarginal lines and dark marginal band 
and a median line represented in cellules 2—6 by dark crescents; the hindwing has a whitish grey median band 
only 2 mm. in breadth and a dentate light grey line between the marginal band and the submarginal line; the 
under surface with straight black median line. Cameroons. 
