EUPHAEDRA. By Dr. C. Auriyillius. 
181 
in cellules 4—6; the apex of the fore wing white on both surfaces and the cell of the forewing with two 
blue transverse streaks. The under surface is bright grass-green and only spotted with black in the cells; the 
subapical band of the forewing as above, only somewhat broader; the hindwing with yellowish transverse streak 
in cellule 7; the submarginal line indistinct, brownish. The $ is unknown to me. This rare species is only known 
from Gaboon and the Ubangi River. 
E. barombina Stgr. (44 d) is similar to the preceding species, but differs in having the subapical band barombiun. 
of the forewing entirely absent in the <$ and in the $ only represented by a small yellowish spot near the 
base of cellules 5 and 6; the green median band is narrower and reaches vein 4 of the forewing; the under surface 
is darker, greyish green, with two indistinct transverse rows of dark spots in the distal part, but without sub¬ 
marginal line; the white spot at the apex of the forewing very large in the This species is also rare and is 
only found at the Barombi Station in the Cameroons. 
E. octogramnia 8m. d- Kirby is a beautiful and easily recognized species, differing from all others in octogramma. 
having the broad black marginal band on the upperside of the hindwing ornamented with a row of 7 elongate 
blue-green submarginal spots. Both wings green above, at the base bluish, with black marginal band, gradu¬ 
ally widening posteriorly and at the anal angle of the hindwing about 12 mm. in breadth; the base of the 
forewing with 5 deep black spots, two in the cell, one at its apex and two oblong ones at the base of cellule 
lb; the hindwing only with two thick black spots, one in the cell and one at its end; the wings uniform yellow- 
green beneath with black submarginal streaks and at the base the same spots as above, but small and light- 
centred, ring-shaped. Cameroons. 
E. rubrocostata Auriv. differs from all other Euryphene species in the light red spot at the base of the rubrocostata. 
costal margin on the hindwing beneath, and is also otherwise quite distinctively marked. Both wings brown 
above, somewhat tinged with yellowish and in the apical part of the forewing blackish; the hindwing is suffused 
with dull greenish {$) or bluish nearly to the distal margin and the forewing to the apex of the cell; this colour 
shades clistally into the ground-colour without sharp demarcation; the forewing with yellow subapical band 
about 4 mm. in breadth, extending from the costal margin almost to the middle of cellule 3; the apex 
of the forewing is in the $ black above, with light fringes, in the $ broadly white. The under surface is in 
the $ grey-yellow with 2 or 3 round black dots in the cells; the light basal area is bounded on both wings 
by a broad, irregular, dark brown transverse band, projecting distad in cellules 3 and 4; in the light distal 
part there are two dull brown transverse bands, the proximal one forming a large quadrate dark brown spot at 
the costal margin of the forewing. The $ differs on the underside in having the ground-colour whitish, but 
almost entirely suppressed by the much widened, connected black-brown transverse bands with somewhat 
greenish gloss; the subapical band of the forewing is white and on the hindwing the dark boundary-line of 
the basal area is distally sharply marked by a broad white transverse band of the ground-colour, which is sharply 
angled at vein 4 and often interrupted in cellule 3. Hitherto only found in the Congo region on the Sankuru 
River. 
10. Gattung : Eupinnedra Him. 
As has been already mentioned, this genus entirely agrees with Euryphene in neuration and only differs 
in the bright orange colour of the palpus. 
The Euphaedra are large, powerfully built butterflies and have usually a darker, blackish or brown, 
ground-colour above, with blue or greenish reflections, and a greenish under surface; occasionally the ground¬ 
colour is yellow to orange. In the cells there are usually, at least on the under surface, 1—3 sharply defined 
black dots or spots; the forewing has nearly always a light (yellow, white or green) subapical band above. 
The.sexes differ but little; the $ is larger than the A and has sometimes a lighter subapical band on 
the fore wing. 
Several species or forms are noted for their extraordinary variability, whilst others hardly vary at all. 
As usual a whole series of species were formerly erected on the variable forms, but as these so-called spe¬ 
cies are connected by numerous transitional forms it is almost certain that we are here dealing with only some 
few species. This interesting question can only be conclusively solved by breeding from the larvae. Perhaps 
in this way quite as remarkable discoveries may be made as in the breeding of Hypolimnas dubius-anthedon. 
The larvae are very similar to those of the Indian genus Euthalia and have along each side of 
the dorsum a row of long, finely branched (often almost feathery) spines, which do not stand erect, but 
spread out almost horizontally towards each side. The pupae agree almost entirely with those of Euryphene. 
Like the other Nymphalinae this genus also has its headquarters in the West African forest-region, 
where it is represented by numerous species. Single species, however, extend to Uganda and Abyssinia and 
one occurs in East Africa and southwards to Delagoa Bay. The dark species are said to fly especially in the 
most shady places in the primeval forests. 
The numerous forms may be divided into five groups. 
