LYCAENESTHES. By Dr. C. Aumvillius. 
445 
darker than the ground-colour, but often at their distal sides filled up with blackish in the shape of spots or 
dots, precisely the same as in many species of the following group; hindwing with two black basal dots (one 
in 1 a, one in 7) and at the margin with black dots proximally bordered with reddish-yellow in lb, 1 c and 2. 
In the $ the wings above are monotonously dark grey with 1 to 3 fine, white transverse lines at the margin 
of the hindwing and a black marginal spot not being bordered with yellow in 2; under surface as in the 
Sierra Leone to Rhodesia. 
L. amarah Guer. (72 b). In my opinion, this small species is the most deviating from among all the amarah. 
African species. Frons white, above with two rows of black bristles; hindwing at vein 3 without a hair-tuft; 
marking beneath quite different. <$. Both wings above as far as the proximal margin, costal margin and distal 
margin light grey with a distinct, brass-colorrred or coppery lustre and a very fine dark marginal line; hindwing 
with a fine white marginal line and a black marginal spot in 2 proximally slightly bordered with yellow; also 
in 1 c a smaller similar spot; under surface light grey with white discal and central spots bordered with dark 
grey and white;- forewing at the base of area 1 b almost as far as the middle of the cell jet-black; discal 
spot 2 very broad, so that it touches at vein 2 the submarginal streak of area 1 b; the discal spot 1 b 
also broad, but removed more towards the base; hindwing beneath with 7 jet-black dots surrounded by white, 
one basal dot each in la, 1 c, the cell, and 7, a smaller one at the base of vein 8, a discal dot and a sub¬ 
marginal dot in 7; besides the hindwing shows the usual, black, silvery green scaled marginal dots in 1 b, 1 c 
and 2; the latter are proximally only faintly bordered with yellow; the discal white border-lines of the 
discal spots 2 to 4 are united with the proximal white border-lines of the submarginal streaks of the same areas, 
forming quadrangular white spots. The $ is above brown without a metallic lustre with two white transverse 
lines in the marginal part of the hindwing and a much thicker reddish-yellow bordering of the marginal spots; 
beneath almost as in the <$. Everywhere on the African Continent from Sierra Leone to Cape Colony and 
Abyssinia. 
Third Group of Species. 
The species of this group either entirely agree in the structure of the veins with the species of the two 
first groups or they deviate by vein 8 being absent and vein 11 being fused with 12. They are always recogni¬ 
zable by the forewing beneath showing distinct markings in the basal part. 
The marking beneath being often quite complex and apparently entirely irregular, is in fact traceable 
to the following fundamental marking which is distinct in larydas Gr. (71 h): 1. The basal spots or basal 
dots being situate in the basal part within the rise of the vein; 2. the central spot at the end of 
the discal cell; 3. the discalspots forming a more or less bent, often very irregularly broken or interrupted 
transverse row from the anal margin or proximal margin to the costal margin in the areas 1 b to 6, 8 (and 
10 to 11) of the forewing and 1 a to 7 of the hindwing; the discal spots in 10 and 11 of the forewing are, 
if they are at all present, small and naturally removed towards'the base, so that they are situate between the 
costal margin and the central spot; 4. the submarginal streaks (or submarginal spots) often 
forming together a dark submarginal line or s u b marginal band; and 5. the marginal 
spots or marginal dots. 
All these markings are darker than the ground-colour or at least as dark as it, and on both sides (proxi¬ 
mally and distally) bordered with white, or if they are punctiform, encircled by a light ring; this white border¬ 
ing of the spots or streaks I call the proximal and distal border-lin e. The distal border-line of the 
submarginal streaks usually serves at the same time as a proximal border-line of the marginal spots. In case 
the spots are entirely of the ground-colour, only the white border-lines are prominent and the marking beneath 
seems to appear as an entirely strange marking. But in order to be able to understand and to make use of 
the following review of the species, it is necessary to ascertain the identity of the white border-lines and always 
to compare the marking with that of larydas. 
In this group I must likewise confine the review of the species to the <$<$. 
With respect to the following review I must remark yet that the marking in the basal part of the forewing always 
only consists of two angular basal spots, a quadrangular one in 1 b and an often almost triangular one in the discal cell; 
these spots are either situate in such a way that their proximal border-lines form together angles, or in most of the species 
so that these border-lines form an entirely straight, slanting line; also the distal border-lines in this case form a straight, 
less slanting line, and both spots together a jet-black triangle bordered with white. The marking in the basal part of the 
hindwing originally consists, as in larydas, of 5 (or 6) black, more or less rounded and thus independent spots, one each 
in la (1 b), 1 c and 7 and two close together in the discal cell. In most of the species, however, these basal spots are 
united forming a straight, jet-black transverse stripe on either side bordered by a straight white line. 
Review of the 
I. The basal spots of the hindwing beneath are more or less separated and never form a straight, coherent 
transverse band; the spot in area 7 almost invariably separated and rounded. 
