Publ S . XII . 1924 . LYCAENESTHES. By Dr. C. Aurivillius. 440 
§§. The discal spots of both wings are united into a coherent, more or less bent, almost entirely 
margined discal band extending from the costal margin to the posterior margin resp. proxi¬ 
mal margin. The discal spot 1 b of the forewing is situate behind the centre of its area. The 
distal border-lines of the basal spots and the proximal ones of the discal spots are on 
both wings united to a large, snow-white spot of the posterior margin or central spot. 
Moreover both wings, between the discal band and the submarginal band, show one or two 
white areas formed by the union of the distal border-lines of the discal spots and the 
proximal one of the submarginal band. 
1. The discal band of the hindwing is almost straight and it only coheres with the sub¬ 
marginal band at the costal and proximal margins; between the bands there is thus only 
one large, oblong white spot situate in 1 b to 5. L. zenkeri. 
2. The discal band of the hindwing is distally bent in the area 2, where it touches the 
submarginal band. Thereby the white spot between the band is divided into two spots. 
L. juba. 
Of L. oculata, melambrota and bakeri only the $$ are known; for this reason they could not be intro¬ 
duced into the review. 
In order to avoid repetitions of the description of the single species, we supply here a detailed description of the 
marking beneath exhibited in nearly all the species. In the single species we then only need to mention the differences 
from the typical marking. For examination purposes we may recommend L. larydas (71 h) representing a more original 
stage, and L. lusones (72 e) in which the marking is particularly clear and distinct. 
Forewing: at the base as far as the proximal border-line of the basal spots the ground-colour is spotless or with 
a white line at the costal margin and another one in the basal angle of the cell (larydas). Between the distal border-line 
of the basal spots and the proximal ones of the central spot and of the discal spot 1 b the ground-colour reappears and 
covers the base of area 2. The proximal border-line of the central spot, however, is often expanded and more or less 
united with the distal border-line of the basal spot, forming a white spot in the discal cell. The proximal border-lines of 
the central spot and of the discal spot 1 b are situate in a straight line, but they are normally separated from each other by 
the ground-colour of area 2. Then follows a straight or almost straight white transverse line, being parallel to the last men¬ 
tioned lines between the veins 1 and 6 or 10, which is formed by the distal border-line of the discal spot 1 b, the 
proximal border-lines of the discal spots 2 and 3, the distal border-line of the central spot and sometimes also by the 
proximal extreme point of the discal spot 8 and the distal one of the discal spot 10. I call this line the white discal 
line; at vein 1 it is often united with the proximal border-line of the submarginal streaks. Then follows a somewhat 
slanting, more or less bent white line, the white postdiscal line which unites at vein 2 with the proximal bor¬ 
der-line of the submarginal streaks and is composed of the distal border-lines of the discal spots 2 and 3 and the proxi¬ 
mal border-lines of the discal spots 4 to 6 and 8. The distal border-lines of the discal spots 4 to 6 (to 8) form a coherent 
or almost coherent white subapical line usually uniting at vein 4 with the proximal border-line of the submarginal 
streaks. This border-line is always distinct and coherent and is denoted as the white submarginal line; between 
it and the white subapical line almost invariably, also in species in which the ground-colour is otherwise almost entirely 
removed, the ground-colour appears as a dark band of the areas 4 to 6. At the margin there extend two more white lines, 
the distal and proximal border-lines of the marginal streaks or marginal dots. 
Hindwing: The marking of the hindwing beneath in fact entirely agrees in its arrangement with that of the forewing. 
The ground-colour is uni-coloured at the base or it has a white dot or transverse streak and a white stripe at the costal margin. 
Then follow the white-edged basal dots, being either separate or combined to a transverse band; their distal border-line 
is sometimes quite separate and narrow or expanded and more or less completely united with the proximal border-line 
of the central spot, forming a white spot in the cell. The proximal border-line of the discal spots 1 b and 1 c is always 
angularly broken at vein 1 b and anteriorly directed towards the proximal border-line of the central spot, but entirely, 
as in the forewing, separated from it by the ground-colour of area 2. The distal border-lines of the discal spots 1 b and 
1 c, the proximal ones of the discal spots 2 and 3, the distal border-line of the central spot and the proximal border-lines 
of the discal spots 6 and 7, like in the forewing, form a coherent or almost coherent white discal line which, however, 
is not straight, but more or less serpentine. Then follows a white postdiscal line which, however, is often some¬ 
what interrupted at the veins 4 and 6, and which is composed of the distal border-lines of the discal spots 2 and 3, the 
proximal ones of the discal spots 4 and 5 and the distal ones of the discal spots 6 and 7. The distal border-lines of the 
discal spots 4 and 5 form a white transverse streak usually touching the white submarginal line at the veins 4 and 6: 
between this line and the distal border-lines of the discal spots the ground-colour almost invariably appears in the shape 
of dark streaks or spots. The white submarginal line is often expanded at the costal margin in 6 and 7 in the shape of a 
spot. The proximal of the two white marginal lines almost invariably consists of distally open bows and is sometimes 
entirely absent or at least in the areas 1 b to 2, where it is represented by the reddish-yellow bows of the marginal spots. 
The hindwing, in case it be not stated otherwise, exhibits 3 jet-black, rounded or elliptical marginal dots strewn with 
lustrous light green or silvery blue scales in lb, lc and 2, that in 2 being the largest and that in lb the smallest; 
the two dots in 1 b and 1 c are close together, so that they are only separated by vein 1 b; each of the three are proximally 
more or less completely bordered with reddish-yellow. 
If a figure of the under surface is not magnified and not so reproduced that the veins are distinctly prominent 
and the position of the spots can be exactly ascertained, it is impossible to use it for a distinct separation of the species 
The old figures, for instance those of IIevitson, are often hardly serviceable with regard to the under surface, nor are 
many of the modern ones sufficient in order to see many of the important mai’ks. As I could not examine several species 
myself, I was therefore unable to use the marking beneath in the review of the species in such a way as it undoubtedly 
deserves. 
L. larydas Cr. (71 h) <$. Both wings above uni-colourecl dark bluish violet with an extremely fine 
black marginal line. Under surface brownish-grey with similarly coloured spots and fine, separated border¬ 
lines; the basal spot 1 b of the forewing is more closely situate at the base than the basal spot in the discal 
cell, so that the border-lines together form a distinct angle; the white discal line is somewhat irregular and 
slightly interrupted at vein 2; the marking is otherwise normal. Hindwing below with 4 rounded, separate 
basal spots filled up like the discal spots 4, 5 and 7 with more or less deep black; the white discal line is 
xnr 
larydas. 
