Publ. 3. XI. 1924. 
CUPIDO. By Dr. C. Aurivillius. 
457 
26. Genus: Cupido Schmnck. 
Many authors will surely be filled with indignation at my not having distributed the species dealt with 
here into numerous genera, as it is so very customary now. But as I will, for the sake of principle, just litfe 
Sir G. F. Hampson, only acknowledge such groups of species as genera, that are based upon marks of both 
sexes and not only on secondary sexual characters of one sex, it has been impossible for me to separate the 
genus into several genera. 
It is made optional, however, to any one to regard the following groups which have been established 
according to marks of both sexes, but which are partly based only upon differences in the marking, as genera 
or subgenera. 
The differences according to the male genital organ, moreover, can only be made intelligible by figures 
and as the latter are not introduced in this part of the work, it would be erroneous to supply descriptions that 
could not be used. I hope therefore that the readers will thank me for having tried to characterize the groups 
in such a way that the $$ can be ascertained and the $<$ also without examining the genital organ, the great 
scientific and biological importance of which I of course do not in the least underrate otherwise. 
Those being interested in the value and applicableness of different morphological marks for the separa¬ 
tion of the species of Cupido into groups, I refer to the review on this genus in my work Rhopalocera aethiopica*). 
How much will have yet to be done in the systematization of the species of Cupido follows also from 
the classification in Lepidoptera indica of the ,,genera‘s Lycaenopsis, Megisba, Neopithecops, Spalgis (!), Taraka, 
Castalius, Tarucus, and Zizera in a separate, though cautiously not characterized ,,Subfamily” Lycaenopsinae. 
Review of the groups or subordinate genera. 
I. Forewing always with 11 veins, only vein 8 being absent. 
A. Forewing beneath at the base with a dark longitudinal streak following the posterior side of vein 12, 
or in area 12 with dark spots or light transverse lines; very rarely it is without the longitudinal streak 
as well as the markings in area 12, but in this case both wings are below at the base of the costal margin 
distinctly hued yellowish. 
a. Forewing beneath without a longitudinal streak in area 11, but generally with dark transverse mar¬ 
kings in the discal cell and in the areas 11 and 12. If these transverse markings are absent, both 
wings are below at the base covered with yellowish. Eyes almost invariably hairy. 
*. Hinclwing beneath without any transverse spot or streak at the end of the discal cell, at the 
end of vein 2 tailed. — Phlyaria Karsch. First Group. 
**. Hindwing beneath with a transverse spot or streak at the end of the discal cell. 
o. Wings beneath with distinctly prominent, angular or ring-shaped dark markings. 
1. The discal band of the fore wing beneath is interrupted at vein 3 by the discal spot 2 
being situate much more towards the base than the discal spot 3. Hind wing at vein 2 
tailed. — Uranothauma Butl. Second Group. 
2. The discal band of the forewing beneath coherent. Vein 11 of forewing generally separate. 
a. Hindwing at vein 2 but slightly angular. — Harpendyreus Heron. 
Third Group. 
b. Hindwing at vein 2 tailed. — Cacyreus Butl. Fourth Group. 
oo. Wings beneath with a dark ground-colour which is hardly lighter than the markings. It 
is therefore indistinct and chiefly only visible owing to its fine white border-lines. — Nacaduba 
Moore. Ninth Group. 
(3. Forewing beneath at the base with a distinct, sharply defined black longitudinal streak or longitudinal 
ray filling up at least the area 11 being defined by the discal cell and the veins 11 and 12. 
*. Eyes bare. —■ Tarucus Moore + Castalius Hubn. Fifth Group. 
**. Eyes hairy. 
*) Swensk. Wetensk. Akad. Handl. 31 (1899) p. 353 seq. 
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