464 
CUPID0. By Dr. C. Aitrivillius. 
The following review refers to both sexes, as far as they are known to me and is chiefly based upon 
the dark markings beneath. They consist on the forewing of a distinctly prominent longitudinal streak in area 
11, one basal spot each in 1 b and 2 as well as a spot in the discal cell (all three being often united into a 
slanting transverse streak), of a transverse streak at the end of the discal cell, of 6 or 7 quite irregularly arranged 
discal spots or discal dots, of a postdiscal or submarginal bent row of 7 or 8 separate spots which may also form 
a band, and of 6 or 7 smaller marginal spots. The hindwing shows separate black basal dots or a basal 
transverse streak formed by the junction of the dots, three subbasal dots in 1 c, 7 and the discal cell, a trans¬ 
verse streak at the end of the discal cell, which, however, may also be absent, 2 to 8 usually irregularly arranged 
discal dots, eight separate or united postdiscal or submarginal spots and eight black marginal spots being 
often partly scaled green. 
In the species that are generally placed to Castalius, frequently several of these spots are absent or 
they are situate very near to the margin. C. hintza, however, forms also in this respect a fine transition to the 
forms of Tarucus. 
Review of the Species. 
I. The discal spots of the hindwing beneath are large quadrangular and form a coherent, almost straight 
transverse band directed from the centre of the proximal margin against the apex of the wing. The white 
ground-colour forms angular spots between the dark markings, whereby the under surface reminds us very 
much of that of the species of Hesperia. The fringes of the wings are white with distinctly prominent black 
spots at the ends of the veins. Tail of the hindwing short. 
a. The dark marginal spots beneath are small or indistinct, sometimes, particularly in area 3 of the hindwing, 
entirely absent. — <$. Wings above quite^blue with a fine black marginal line. — $. Forewing above 
only with 4 or 5 angular white spots. Hindwing above with indistinctly defined grey spots. C. thespis. 
[3. Marginal spots beneath all distinct and sharply defined. — Wings above violettish blue with a broad 
blackish marginal band. — $. Both wings above in the centre white. C. boivJceri. 
II. The discal spots of the hindwing beneath are irregularly arranged and never form a coherent transverse 
band. 
A. The discal spots of the hindwing beneath are completely present and all or nearly all are situate before 
the centre of their area. Hind wing beneath always with a dark transverse streak or transverse spot 
at the end of the discal cell. 
oc. The postdiscal spots of the hindwing beneath are far remote from the margin and are at least in 
the areas 3 to 5 situate but little behind the centre of these areas. The marginal spots lc to 3 (to 5 a) 
on the hind wing beneath are strewn with greenish scales. 
*. The discal and postdiscal spots of the hindwing are all entirely separate and rounded, punctiform. 
C. sybaris. 
**. The discal and postdiscal spots of the hindwing are neither all rounded, nor all separate. 
o. The discal spots 1 b and 2 of the forewing form with the discal spots 3 to 5 a coherent, some¬ 
what slanting, blackish transverse band. Frons black with white lateral margins. — Fore¬ 
wing above blackish-brown without any blue. C. grammicus. 
oo. The discal spots 1 b and 2 of the fore wing are situate in one line with the transverse streak 
at the end of the discal cell, but not with the discal spot in area 3, which is removed more 
towards the margin. Frons white. — Wings above bright blue or violettisli-blue. 
C. guadratus. 
C. theophrastus. 
C. mediterraneae. 
[3. The postdiscal spots of the hindwing beneath are strigiform, very near to the margin, and all are 
situate far behind the centre of their areas; they can therefore all be denoted as submarginal spots. 
Only the marginal spots 1 c and 2 of the hindwing beneath are scaled blue; the discal spot 5 of the 
hindwing is situate far behind the centre of area 5, close at the submarginal spot 5. C. hintza. 
B. The discal spots of the hindwing beneath are generally not all there, but they are all or nearly all situate 
close at the submarginal spots, or they are even united with them. Wings also in the $ above black 
with white spots or for the greatest part white. 
a. Hindwing on both sides with a distinct black transverse streak at the end of the discal cell. Forewing 
above almost invariably with a distinct white spot in the black marginal band in area 4 (and 5). 
Hindwing without a discal spot in area 5. 
*. The discal spot in area 7 of the hindwing is situate far behind the apex of the discal cell. The 
discal spots 1 c to 4 are all or nearly all present. 
