214 
HYPOLIMNAS. By Dr. 0. Auriyillius. 
median band; in the $ the blue colour is often replaced by white-grey or yellow-grey. On the under surface 
both wings are dark brown with white median band and marginal spots, but without blue markings; the cell 
salmacis. has two blackish longitudinal lines, united towards the base. — salmacis Drury (47 b). The forewing with 
white submarginal spots in cellules 1 b—7 or at least in lb, 2, 6 and 7; the white band narrow and margined 
with blue; the hindwing on both surfaces with white median band. Sierra Leone to the Congo and Uganda. 
cissalma. — ab. cissalma Stiff, only differs in the in having ail the markings on the upper surface blue with the 
exception of subapical spots 6 and 7 on the forewing and the spots on the fringes, in the $ in having the 
platyclema. markings on the upper surface cream-yellow instead of blue. Lake Tchad and the Cameroons. — platydema 
Rothsch. & Jord. has the white transverse band of both wings broader and more sharply defined than in the 
thomensis. type-form. Unyoro and Abyssinia. — thomensis Auriv. is distinguished by having the blue colour on the fore¬ 
wing less extended and the white transverse band much broader, nearly as broad as in monteironis, but 
especially by the white transverse band of the hindwing being entirely absent above and beneath only repre- 
monteironis. sented by a fine transverse line, running almost as in antevorta, but finer. Island of Sao Thome. — montei¬ 
ronis Druce (47 b) differs from all the other forms in having the apex of the forewing as far as the white 
transverse band unicolorous black without spot; the white transverse band is broader than in the type-form, 
more sharply defined and almost entirely separated from the blue spot. Old Calabar to Angola and Uganda. 
chapmani. H. chapmani Hew. is a rare and little known species, of uncertain affinities; in the unspotted cell 
it agrees with the salmacis group and the two dark lines in the cell of the hindwing beneath accord also with 
salmacis. Both wings dark brown, in the basal part of the hindwing lighter, yellowish brown, and beneath 
at the base red-brown; the veins are blackish and the hindwing has on both surfaces thick black-brown streaks 
on the interneural folds. In the type-form the forewing has only two whitish discal spots in cellules 2 and 3. 
fasciata. Old Calabar. — ab. fasciata Auriv. (47 d, as chapmani) has on the forewing a white transverse band of 3 
or 4 spots in cellules 2—5. Cameroons. — The species has a Planema- or Pseudacraea -like aspect and should 
perhaps be regarded as a mimetic form. 
Dinarcha Group. 
The forewing has 2—4 white spots in the middle, but no white subapical band and no hindmarginal spot, other¬ 
wise the species nearly agree with those of the following group. The submarginal spots in cellules 5 and 7 of the forewing, 
however, are always smaller than the one in cellule 6 or are entirely absent. The hindwing on both surfaces with distinct 
black rays between the veins. 
mechowi, H. mechowi Dew. (47 d). The forewing has in the middle a large white area, composed of a spot 
in the cell and a long spot in each cellule from (lb) 2—4; the spot in cellule 2 reaches the cell and almost 
entirely covers the base of cellule 2; in addition the forewing has submarginal spots in 1 b, 6 and 7, of 
which the one in 6 is large; both wings have white marginal dots and the hindwing is broadly white in the middle. 
Beneath the forewing is black at the base and in the hindmarginal part and the hindwing broadly yellow-red 
at the base of the costal margin. Congo. 
H. dinarcha differs from mechowi in having the white or bluish discal spots on the forewing smaller 
and the one in cellule 2 far removed from the base; the hindwing is less produced at the anal angle and its 
dinarcha. under surface is not reddish at the base. —• dinarcha Hew. (47 c). The submarginal spots of the forewing are 
all or nearly all present anti those in cellules 1 b, 4 and 6 always large (S) or very large ($); the hindwing 
near the base with an oval white or whitish median area, which reaches at least to the apex of the cell; in the 
^ the discal band of the forewing is larger, more continuous and composed of 4 spots. Sierra Leone to the Congo 
narchadi. and Uganda. — ab. narchadi Stiff, only differs in having the hindwing above dark umber-brown, at the base 
and the costal and distal margins blackish, without white median area. Gold Coast and Cameroons. -—- 
bartteloti. bartteloti Smith has the wings somewhat shorter and broader and the distal margin of the forewing more ob¬ 
tusely rounded between veins 5 and 7; in the markings it only differs from the type-form in having submar¬ 
ginal spots 2—5 on the forewing all very small or absent. Hitherto only met with in the extensive forest 
lands in the interior of the Congo region. 
Oubia Group. 
The forewing with both white subapical spots in or before the middle of cellules 4—6 and light discal spots in 
(lb) 2 (3) and the cell, or instead of the discal spots a large white hindmarginal spot covering the middle of cellules la—2. 
The white submarginal spots of the forewing are entirely absent or are small the first, in cellule 7, is, however, always 
larger than those in cellules 3—6. Through the highly interesting discoveries of Millar (see p. 215) the number of species 
in this group has been materially reduced. 
deceptor. H. deceptor Trim. (47 c) may be known especially by the shorter and broader wings and the peculiar 
pattern on the underside of the hindwing, which is more or less white at the base of the costal margin in cel¬ 
lule 8, but without white, black-ringed basal dots, as in the forms of dubia\ cellule 7 is for the most part 
