224 
PRECIS. By Dr. C. AuRiviLLrcrs. 
and consisting of 5 spots; the cell of the forewing above has two thick yellowish or red-brown transverse 
streaks, the distal one almost reaching vein 1. The species includes two races, a southern, which occurs from 
Angola to Natal and in East Africa to Uganda and Abyssinia and has two sharply separated seasonal forms, 
and a northern, occurring in the Niger region and in the Hinterland of the Cameroons and hitherto only known 
ceryne. as a rainy-season form. — ceryne Bdv. (51 d) is the rainy-season form; the median band of the upper surface 
is whitish proximally to the submarginal dots; the fringes are undulate and spotted with white; on the under 
surface the markings stand out very sharply, the basal half is bright ochre-yellow with some whitish, black- 
edged spots and separated by a black transverse line from the broad whitish median band; the black submar¬ 
ginal dots stand out as sharply as above and those in cellules 4—6 of the forewing are white-centred; before 
the distal margin a row of white, black-bordered streaks; the distal margin of the forewing is rounded at vein 6. 
iukuoa. f. tukuoa Wallgr. (51 c) differs very considerably above in the brown-red transverse band and the unspotted 
fringes and beneath in the uniform yellowish under surface, spotted and irrorated with dull brown, and with 
the submarginal dots indistinct; the distal margin of the forewing is sharply angled or produced into a point at 
ceruana. vein 6. — ceruaria Rothsch. dL-Jord. is only known as a rainy-season form and differs from ceryne in the much 
darker marginal band on the under surface. Niger and Cameroons Hinterland. 
The last two species have also quite different seasonal forms, but may be known by the entire absence of the white 
subapical dots in celhiles 4—6 of the forewing above. Occasionally two dots are present, in which case, howover, the,basal 
part of the hindwing above is almost entirely red-yellow. The basal part of the upper surface, which in the previously described 
species is almost black, shows here a distinct tendency to become red-yellow, so that the black colour only remains as spots 
or dentate transverse bands; this is especially distinct in the dry-season forms. The seasonal forms show parallel differences 
in both species. In the rainy-season forms both wings have above a sharply defined black marginal band with two rows 
of whitish dots or lunules and white-spotted fringes; the forewing is at vein 6 only weakly angled or nearly rounded and 
the under surface is similar to the upper, with the basal part black or black-spotted, broad red-yellow median band dotted 
with black and black marginal band with large white spots. The dry-season forms are larger and have the forewing falcate at 
vein 0, the hindwing with a longer tail at the anal angle, the fringes entire-margined and unicolorous, the basal part of the 
wings above red-yellow with black spots and both wings beneath dark brown — violet-grey — grey-brown, quite uniform 
or nebulous, but without black markings and white spots and only with fine dark or light median line. 
cuama. P. cuama Hew. is the dry-season form and only differs from antilope (51 c) in having the black markings 
of the upper surface more reduced, the dark marginal band on the upperside brownish and especially in the sub¬ 
marginal dots in cellules 4 and 5 of the forewing containing distinct white or silvery pupils. Manicaland, Masliona- 
trimeni. land, Nyassaland and German East Africa, trimeni Btlr. (51 c) is the rainy-season form, and nearly agrees 
with simia above, but differs beneath in having the basal half yellow spotted with black. 
P. antilope occurs in the southern Congo region and thence into South Africa as far as to Natal and 
antilope. East Africa to Abyssinia, again occurring in Senegal, antilope Feisth. (51 c) is the dry-season form and only 
differs from cuama in the absence of the white subapical dots of the forewing and the somewhat more extended 
simia. black markings of the upper surface. — f. simia Wallgr. (51 b) is the rainy-season form and only differs from 
trimeni in having the wings beneath black at the base with 3 or 4 large light yellow spots; the black colour 
reaches at least to vein 3. 
Fifth Group. 
The species of this group are easy to distinguish from all the others by the rounded anal angle of the liindwing. Here 
also occur seasonal forms, which, however, usually only differ beneath; only in the first species, which in the coloration and 
markings of the rainy-season form closely approximates to the last two species of the preceding group, are the seasonal 
forms quite different above also. 
P. octavia. Distal margin of both wings strongly undulate with white-spotted fringes; the dark mar¬ 
ginal band 1—6 mm. in breadth and enclosing two rows of blue dots or streaks, which are sometimes small, 
sometimes thick and joined together; the black submarginal dots are well developed and distinct. In the rainy- 
season forms the wings are red-yellow for the most part on both surfaces and only at the base and the distal 
margin narrowly black; the distal margin of the forewing is only shortly angled at vein 6. In the dry-season 
forms the wings are bluish dark black-brown and with the exception of the submarginal dots only ornamented 
with a row of red-brown spots; on the upperside these spots are always distinct and sharply defined on the hind¬ 
wing and in cellules 1 a—3(—5) of the forewing, but beneath often indistinct or quite blurred; the under surface 
is always dark and more or less clouded; the basal half is bounded by a curved dentate line; the submarginal 
dots in cellules 5 and 6 of the forewing are white-pupilled, which does not occur in the rainy-season form. 
octavia. The species has two local races: — octavia Cr. (51 b) is the rainy-season form of the north-western race, which 
is distributed from Sierra Leone to the Congo, Abyssinia and Somaliland; it is smaller than the southern 
amestris. rainy-season form and has the ground-colour darker, more brownish red-yellow. — f. amestris Drury is the dry- 
season form of octavia and only differs in having the upper surface of both wings not or but little blue at the 
sesamus. base and in the cell of the forewing above bearing 1 or 2 red-brown transverse streaks. — sesamus Trim. (51 c) 
is the dry-season form of the southern race, which occurs from Angola to the Cape and British East Africa; it 
is distinguished by having the upperside of both wings suffused with blue at the base and by the entire absence 
natalensis. of the red-brown transverse streaks in the cell of the forewing. — f. natalensis Stgr. (51 c) is the rainy-season 
form of sesamus and is distinguished from octavia by the lighter reddish ground-colour and by having the black 
markings more reduced, particularly in the basal part. The larva lives in Natal on Plectranthus caloinus; it 
