258 
ACRAEA. By Dr. 0. Aurivillius. 
a. Diseal dot 4 of the hind wing is placed somewhat nearer to the distal margin than the rest and forms 
an almost regular curve with discal dots 2, 3, 5 and 6. A. encedon. 
[3. Discal dot 4 of the hindwing is placed nearer to the base than discal dots 3 and 5. 
A. pharsalus. 
II. The hindwing at least in 1 c to 3, the fore wing in 1 b and 2, with large submarginal dots. Discal spots 
1 b to 3 on the fore wing stand in a straight line. A. rogersi. 
A. encedon is a very variable and widely distributed species and appears in many forms but with 
no definite local races. The black dots are the same in all the forms and are arranged as folloAvs. Fore wing: 
1 or 2 basal dots in 1 b; a transverse spot in the cell; discal dots in 1 b to 6, of which that in 1 b is 
often double and always placed much nearer to the distal margin than the one in 2; in the forms with black 
apex discal dots 3 to 6 on the upper surface are indistinct against the dark ground-colour. Hindwing: basal 
dots in (la), lb, 1 c and 7; 1 or 2 dots in the cell; one dot each in the basal angle of cellules 4 and 5 and dis¬ 
cal dots in 1 b to 7, of which the one in 3 or 4 is placed nearer to the distal margin than the rest and the one in 
2 nearer to the base than that in lb. The hindwing above has a narrow black or blackish marginal band 1 to 
2 mm. in breadth, beneath the streaks on the interneural folds are often red-yellow instead of black. Throughout 
encedon. Africa south of the Sahara and Madagascar. -—■ encedon L. (56 e). The apical half of the forewing above 
blackish with white subapical band composed of 5 or 6 spots in cellules 3—6 (9, 10); ground-colour other- 
infuscata. wise red-brown to yellow-brown, beneath somewhat lighter. — f. infuscata Stgr. only differs from encedon 
alcippina. in the smoky brown ground-colour. — f. alcippina Auriv. has the hindwing in the middle more or less ex- 
sganzini. tended white, but otherwise agrees with the type-form. — f. sganzini Bdv. (56 e). Markings as in the type- 
form, but ground-colour straw-yellow to clay-yellow and marginal streaks on the underside of the hindwing 
usually black; marginal band on the upperside of the hind wing often widened and not sharply defined. Occurs 
lycia. especially on Madagascar. — f. lycia F . (56 e) is very similar to f. sganzini, but has a white or whitish ground- 
colour; occasionally the basal half of the fore wing is smoky black-grey on both surfaces and on the upperside 
jumosa. only a little lighter than the apical half, ab. fumosa ab. nov. A specimen with 3 black dots in the cell of the 
ascrepticia. hindwing was named ascrepticia (!) by Strand. -—- The following forms differ from the preceding in having the 
apical half of the forewing above not or scarcely darker than the basal half, with distinct black discal dots. 
nccoda. •— f. necoda Hew. (56 e). Ground-colour of both wings light grey; forewing with whitish subapical band. — 
daira. f. daira Godm. A Salv. Ground-colour of both wings light brown-yellow; the subapical band of the fore wing 
radiata. absent or only indicated by light yellowish spots. — f. radiata Auriv. only differs from daira in having the ex¬ 
tremities of the veins above broadly and triangularly edged with black and the posterior Half of the hindwing 
whitish. Adamaua. — Larva slate-black with yellow lateral line, small white and yellow dorsal spots edged 
with black, and black spines; head black. Pupa white with the usual black markings. The larva lives on Com- 
melina. — The agreement in colour and markings between the forms of Acraea encedon and those of the much 
larger Danaida chrysippus and dorippus is very remarkable. Compare A. encedon and D. chrysippus, A. alcip¬ 
pina and ]). alcippus, A. daira and D. dorippus , A. radiata and 1). dorippus ab. albinus. 
pharsalus. A. pharsalus Ward. (56 d). Upper surface of both wings dusted with black at the base; forewing above 
very broadly black at the apex and distal margin with small whitish (occasionally reddish) subapical spots 
in 4 to 6 and large discal dots in 1 b to 6, of which those in cellules 4 to 6 are scarcely distinguishable 
from the ground-colour; cell with a black spot in the middle and one at the apex; the middle of the 
forewing and the greater part of the hindwing above red, the hindwing with black marginal band; forewing 
beneath reddish grey, at the apex and distal margin yellowish with black veins and marginal streaks; hindwing 
beneath at the base and distal margin greenish light grey, in the middle slightly reddish with well developed 
basal and discal dots and large triangular spots at the distal margin on the interneural folds. — Larva above 
red-yellow, beneath lighter, with black dorsal line and small black striae at the anterior and posterior margin 
of each segment; head and spines black. Pupa light yellowish with black markings. Senegal to Angola, Nyassa- 
pharsaloi- land and LTganda. — pharsaloides Holl. (= saluspha Sufj.) is the East African race and only differs in having 
des. the light subapical band of the forewing much larger and red, connected with the red ground-colour by a 
spot of the same colour in 3; hence the black discal dots in cellules 3 to 6 appear as independent spots; 
the base of both wings above is less dusted with black than in the type-form. In the $ the ground-colour of 
pallidepieia. the upper surface is often grey-yellowish. Angola, German and British East Africa. — ab. pallidepicta Strand, 
nia. Subapical band of the forewing whitish. German East Africa. — ab. rsia Strand, forms in certain respects 
the transition to vuilloti, as the hindwing has a light yellowish patch in the same position as in the latter. 
vuilloii. German East Africa: Amani. — vuilloti Mab. (56 d). The ground-colour of the forewing is often completely 
broken up into spots and the hindwing has a large white spot at the inner margin in cellules 1 b to 2 (to 3). 
Hindwing also beneath with dark marginal band. Marginal streaks thick, but not triangular. German East 
rhodina. Africa. — rhodina Rothsch. Forewing as in vuilloti ; hindwing also similarly marked, but without white area. 
Abyssinia. 
A. rogersi is characterized by the presence of black submarginal dots at least in cellules 1 b and 2 
of both wings. The fore wing has a basal dot in 1 b, a black spot in the cell, one at its apex and large dis- 
