260 
ACRAEA. By Dr. G. AuRiviLLrus. 
a) Discal dot 1 b of the forewing is placed almost directly behind discal spot 2, so that 
a line drawn through these dots would be vertical to the hindmargin and would scarce¬ 
ly if at all touch the cell*. Second Subgroup. 
b) Discal dot 1 b of the forewing is placed so obliquely distad behind discal spot 2 that a 
line drawn through these dots would intersect the hinder angle and the cell and w'ould 
stand almost vertically to the costal margin*. Third Subgroup. 
2. Fore wing beneath with distinct black streaks, reaching the distal margin, on the interne ural 
folds. Fourth Subgroup. 
**. The basal dots on the underside of the hindwing united into a black, white-spotted basal 
area. Fifth Subgroup. 
B. Hindwing beneath at the distal margin without sharply defined light marginal spots, only with black 
marginal line or even with light marginal band. Sixth Subgroup. 
II. Forewing at least beyond the middle transparent, hyaline or smoky without markings; occasionally 
before the apex and at the distal margin with light spots, but the underside of the hindwing in this case 
black at the base with white dots. 
A. Hindwing at the distal margin completely scaled and more or less spotted. Seventh S u b g r o u p. 
B. Hindwing at the distal margin incompletely scaled to a greater or less extent; transparent to hyaline, 
rarely smoky, without markings or only darkened at the extremities of the veins. 
Eighth Subgroup. 
First Subgroup. 
The peculiar pattern at the distal margin of the hindwing beneath which characterizes this subgroup may also be 
described as consisting of dark streaks on the interneural folds which fork towards the distal margin and enclose a light spot 
(cf. the under surfaces pi. 56 a—d). Very rarely, as in the $ of althoffi, the same markings occur above also. In all the ty¬ 
pical species the basal and discal dots of the forewing are wanting or are present only in 1 b and 2 as small free dots. In 
the last two, very aberrant species, which form a transition to the second subgroup, on the other hand, the discal dots 
of the forewing are completely developed. With regard also to the markings of the hindwing beneath these species seem more 
primitive and can only be regarded as outliers of this subgroup. 
Synopsis of the Species. 
I. Cellules 4 to 6 of the forewing without free discal dots, but often with an oblique transverse band, which 
usually connects the costal margin with the marginal band and separates off a light subapical band. 
A. The discal dots on the underside of the hindwing never united into a continuous transverse line 
from the costal to the inner margin. 
a) The cell of the fore wing above entirely black or with a light spot near its apex or light-coloured along 
its posterior side or occasionally almost entirely light, in which case, however, veins 3 and 4 of the 
hindwing arise from a point or are short-stalked and the base of the hindwing is black above. 
*. The light marginal spots on the underside of the hindwing 4 to 5 times as long as their 
breadth at the distal margin, streak-like or narrowly coniform, and in their distal half of 
almost uniform breadth. A. althoffi. 
**. The light marginal spots on the underside of the hind wing triangular or rounded, at most 
twice as long as their breadth at the distal margin. 
§. The hindwing beneath at the base with 17 or 18 rounded, separate black dots on a 
yellowish ground and without red or yellowish streaks between the dots; the latter quite 
distinct above also. The markings of the upper surface light ochre -yellow. Median band on 
the upperside of the hindwing narrow (4 to 5 mm. in breadth) and of almost uniform breadth. 
A. oberthueri. 
§§. The hindwing beneath in the basal part at most with 12 to 14 black dots, which are more 
or less confluent or joined by red to yellowish streaks. Median band on the upperside of 
the hinclwing bulging or in cellules 4 to 5 widened, 
f. Veins 3 and 4 of the hindwing from the same point and short-stalked. Hindwing 
above at the base black or blackish at least as far as vein 2. Discal dots 4 to 6 of the 
hindwing absent. 
0. Fore wing above as far as vein 2 unicolorous black without light markings. The 
large light hindmarginal spot of the forewing with its proximal edge almost straight. 
The spot in 1 b rectangular and as broad at vein 1 as at vein 2. 
* If one or both of dots 1 b and 2 are absent the species must be looked for both in the second and third subgroups. 
