266 ACRAEA. By Dr. C. Aurivillius. 
whitish with the usual black markings; Fawcett has observed that pupae kept in dark boxes become slate-grey. 
godzei. A. goetzei Thur. is similar above to a terpsichore without spots at the distal margin, but differs in ha¬ 
ving the hindwing black at the base as far as vein 2; the forewing is also narrowly black at the base; the 
large liindmarginal spot of the fore wing covers cellules 1 a to 3 to beyond the middle and almost the whole 
of the cell and is orange-red, like the entirely free subapical band; the median band of the hindwing has the 
same colour or is somewhat tinged with yellowish at the inner margin; it is only 3 mm. in breadth at the inner 
margin, but widens anteriorly and in cellules 4 and 5 has a breadth of about 9 mm. The under surface of 
the forewing almost as in the form rougeti of terpsichore ; that of the hindwing is, however, quite different, but 
in many respects approaches that of ventura; the ground is light yellow and the basal half is almost without 
markings in the middle, the cell having only a black dot near the base and 1 or 2 small dots at the apex; the 
discal dots in 3 to 5 entirely absent; cellule 1 c, on the other hand, has a broad red stripe from the base to 
the discal dot and there is another similar streak in cellule 7, bounded at each side by a black transverse streak. 
The gaily coloured marginal band, as in ventura, is much narrower in cellules 4 to 7 than in 1 b to 3 and 
basally bordered by a fine dark line; the veins are black and bordered at each side by a whitish line; the mar¬ 
ginal spots are broad and short, proximally rounded and continued by broad red, black-edged stripes which reach 
the proximal boundary-line. Nyassaland and German East Africa (in the interior). 
excelsior. A. excelsior E. Sharpe (56 a) nearly approaches the preceding species and is quite similarly marked 
above, but has the median band of the hindwing and the subapical band of the forewing light lemon-yellow and 
the liindmarginal spot of the fore wing also margined with light yellowish. The under surface of the hindwing 
only differs in having the marginal band deeper black without light lines on the veins, while the black ba¬ 
sal and discal dots of cellules 1 a to 1 c form a red-spotted patch and those of cellules 5 to 7 a sharp, red- 
centred triangle. Nyassaland; German and British East Africa. 
torn ax. A. fortiax Btlr. (55 g) may be easily known by having the basal part of the forewing as far as the apex 
of the cell brick-red without spots and then black (rf) or black-grey (?) with three small whitish semitranspa¬ 
rent spots in 4 to 6; the black colour is continued at the costal margin to the base and is more or less trans¬ 
parent, especially in the $; the marginal spots are entirely absent above but are large and red-brown beneath. 
Hindwing above brick-red with large, free black basal and discal dots and black, proximally somewhat dentate 
marginal band, in which in the the marginal spots are absent or only distinct in 1 c to 3, but in the $ 
all large and dull red-yellow; beneath the hindwing is somewhat scaled with smoky brown in the basal area as 
far as the discal spots and has then a whitish median band of uniform breadth and a black marginal band with 
triangular red-yellow marginal spots. Madagascar. 
mirabilis. A. mirabilis Btlr. is a very distinct species and differs from all others in the under surface of the hind¬ 
wing. but is evidently best attached to this subgroup as an aberrant form. Both wings above dark orange- 
yellow nearly to the distal margin, costal margin of the fore wing and distal margin of both wings narrowly 
black; the veins at the distal margin black; the forewing with a black transverse spot at the end of the cell 
and in cellules 4 to 6 with a light yellowish subapical spot, broadly margined with black at both sides; the 
forewing beneath grey instead of blackish at the costal and distal margins. On the under surface of the hind¬ 
wing the discal dots are streak-like and united into a somewhat curved line, which distally bounds the basal 
area; the basal area is grey between the basal and discal streaks, with reddish stripes at least in la to lc, 4, 5, 7 and the 
cell; between the discal streaks and the marginal band runs an unspotted light yellow to whitish median band 
1 to 2 mm. in breadth; the marginal band is about 3 mm. in breadth, proximally bounded by a black line and 
has a greenish or bluish grey ground-colour; the small marginal spots are scarcely lighter than the ground¬ 
colour, broader than long and proximally bounded by shallow black lunules; between these lunules and the 
proximal edge of the marginal band runs in each cellule a broad reddish streak. The marginal spots are thus 
formed as in the species of the following subgroups; from these, however, mirabilis differs in the absence of 
the discal dots of the forewing. Somaliland. 
zitju. A. zitja Bdv. (55 g). Both wings above brick-red with narrow black marginal band, which is more or 
less proximally prolonged at the veins; the forewing in addition with black costal margin, with a black dot in 
the cell, a larger one at the end of the cell and free black discal dots in 1 b to 6; hindwing above with some 
basal dots and with discal dots in 1 c to 7; forewing beneath without dark marginal band but with the 
extremities of the veins black, otherwise marked as above. The hindwing beneath with reddish ground-colour 
and with a narrow whitish median band, at the proximal side of which the discal dots are placed; the whi¬ 
tish colour of this band is continued to the distal margin as light lines at each side of the veins; the small 
transverse light marginal spots are proximally bordered by black streaks, which, however, do not touch in the 
radiata. middle. Madagascar. — ab. radiata Guen. differs in having the light bordering of the veins in the marginal 
ban 1 of the hindwing beneath much broader than in the type-form; the $$ have a yellow-brown ground-co- 
calida. lour. Madagascar. — $-ab. calida Btlr. resembles radiata, but has, instead of the marginal band of the upper 
