278 
ACRAEA. By Dr. C. Aurivillitjs. 
breadth, and with 6 submarginal dots (in 1 b to 6); both wings above more or less darkened at the base; 
marginal band of the hindwing with the proximal boundary lunulate; under surface almost as the upper, but 
the marginal band of the hindwing with large whitish spots and the forewing at the apex with small marginal 
spots of the same colour. South Africa to Angola and Mashonaland. 
asema. A. asema Hew. (55 a) is very similar to the preceding species, but on an average somewhat smaller, 
3G—52 mm., with duller, more grey-yellow ground-colour and smaller black dots, the submarginal dots of the 
forewing in particular being smaller and rarely all present. Angola, Manicaland, Mashonaland and Nyassa- 
gracilis. land. — f. gracilis Wichgr. only differs in having the marginal band of the bindwing narrow, 1 mm. in breadth. 
Mashonaland. 
omrora. A. omrora Trim, may be easily known by the marginal band on the upperside of the hindwing, 
which is black, unspotted and not sharply defined. Both wings above blackish at the base; the black dots 
arranged quite as in the last two species, but the submarginal dot in 5 of the forewing appears to be always 
absent. In the type-form the ground-colour is dark ochre-yellowish, the forewing has no black apical spot 
(only a fine marginal line) and the marginal band of the hindwing above is 2.5 mm. in breadth. Angola 
umbrata. and Damaraland. — umbrafa Wichgr. has the ground-colour brick-red to grey-red, an apical spot on the fore¬ 
wing 3 mm. in breadth and the marginal band of the hindwing 3 to 5 mm. in breadth. Rhodesia and Katanga. 
Four t h S u b g r o u p. 
The species of this subgroup closely approximate to those of the preceding, only differing in the forewing having on both 
surfaces, or at least beneath, distinct black or brown longitudinal streaks on the interneural folds, which reach the distal 
margin. Only in the last species, which is very aberrant and little known, these streaks are apparently little distinct. 
Synopsis of the Species. 
I. Hindwing with a submarginal dot in cellule 7, hence with three black dots in this cellule. Forewing nearly 
always with submarginal dots in 1 b and 2. A. cepheus. 
II. Both wings without submarginal dots. 
A. The discal dot in cellule 4 of the fore wing is not or scarcely nearer to the distal margin than the 
one in 3 and the discal dots in 3 to 6 consequently stand in a nearly straight line, vertical to the 
costal margin. 
a) The discal dot in 1 b of the forewing is placed almost straight behind the dot in 2. The fore¬ 
wing long and narrow, its distal margin deeply emarginate. Marginal spots on the underside of the 
hindwing reddish. A. perenna. 
b) The discal dot in 1 b of the forewing is placed much nearer to the distal margin than the one 
in 2. The forewing of normal shape, with the distal margin almost straight. Marginal spots on the 
underside of the hindwing whitish or greenish light yellow. 
1. The forewing beneath without black submarginal line. A. egina. 
2. The forewing beneath between veins 1 to 5 (7) with thick black submarginal line, which 
forms the proximal boundary of the light marginal spots, above with sharply defined dark 
marginal band. A. medea. 
B. The discal dot in cellule 4 of the forewing is so much nearer to the distal margin than the dot 
in 3 that discal dots 2 to 4 form a straight line, almost parallel with the costal margin. 
A. niobe. 
ceplieus. A. cepheus L. (54 f) differs from all the African Acraeids known to me in the hindwing having a 
submarginal dot in cellule 7, so that there are 3 black dots in this cellule ; the forewing has a black trans¬ 
verse streak at the middle and one at the apex of the cell and large discal dots, of which the one in 1 b is nearer 
to the distal margin than that in 2 and those in cellules 3 to 6 form a transverse band, at least in the 5 
the submarginal dots are often united with the black marginal band. The marginal band of the hindwing is 
2 mm. in breadth, proximally dentate on the veins, above unicolorous, beneath spotted with light yellow, 
and the discal dots are approximated to the base; beneath the ground-colour is light yellowish to whitish, 
with large red or orange-yellow spots between the black dots and at the marginal band. In the type-form, 
described by Linne and figured by Clerck from the type in his rare work “leones insectorum”, the forewing 
has in 3 to 6 beyond the discal dots a light subapical band, which in the $ is red-yellow, in the $ white; 
in the the basal part of the forewing is red-yellow as far as the submarginal dots in lb and 2 and the 
discal dots in 3 to 6, and the hindwing above red-yellow, black-scaled at the base; in the $ both wings 
above are black-grey with smaller dots than in the the hindwing often somewhat tinged with yellowish. 
abdera. Gold Coast to Angola and the Soudan. — abdera Hew. (54 f $) differs in the absence of the light subapical 
