434 
ARRUGIA. By Dr. C. Aurivillitts. 
protumnus. 
basuta. 
brachycera. 
Forewing with 1 or 2 dots in the discal cell, a basal dot in 1 b, a transverse spot at the cell-end, 6 or 
7 discal spots and smaller submarginal spots black or blackish; the discal spots of the areas 1 b to 3 are 
removed towards the base; above these spots are often partly indistinct. The hindwing has one basal spot 
each in 1 a to 1 c, 7 and the cell, a transverse spot at the cell-end, 6 or 7 discal spots, of which those of 
the areas 1 c to 4 are usually in a straight-line, and small submarginal spots or dots; all these spots may 
often also be indistinct beneath. 
The lepidoptera are fond of very hot and dry places, resting on the bare ground and flying only for 
short distances. 
Review of the Species. 
A. Both wings above in the centre more or less lighter ochreous. A. protumnus. 
B. Wings above in the centre grey or whitish or not lighter at all. 
a. At least the forewing above in the centre or behind the jet-black discal spots lighter whitish. Antennae 
at least 7 mm long. A. basuta. 
[3. Forewing above in the centre not lighter. Antennae not attaining a length of 6 mm. 
A. brachycera. 
A. protumnus L. (71 b). Wings above blackish-brown, in the centre more or less ochreous, in contrast 
with the ochreous colour the dark discal spots and on the forewing also the transverse spot at the end of the 
discal cell are distinctly prominent; the discal spots (lb) 2 to 4 of the forewing are arranged in an almost 
straight, slanting line forming almost a right angle with the discal spots 4 to 6; in the $ the discal spots 
2 and 3 are prolonged towards the base and fill up the bases of their areas, whereas in the they are 
small and almost entirely removed by the broad, dull grey scaling of the veins 2 to 4; this scaling forms a mealy 
spot, whereby the are most easily distinguishable from the Forewing beneath light ochreous- 
yellowisli with distinctly prominent black spots which, however, are smaller than above; at the costal and 
distal margins speckled grey and brown; hindwing beneath of a whitish-grey ground-colour and with brownish- 
grey, more or less contiguous, large basal and discal spots. Fringes of wings, at least of the forewings, with 
distinct white spots between the ends of the veins. Distributed from Cape Colony to Transvaal. 
A. basuta Wallengr. (71 a). Wings above blackish-grey with a black central spot and black discal 
spots which, however, may be very indistinct on the $ hindwing; forewing with a white spot in the base of 
the areas 4 and 5, and a coherent transverse row of quadrangular, grey or Avhite spots in 1 b to 6 immediately 
outside of the discal spots; in the $ such spots also appear on the hindwing, in the however, they are there 
only faintly noticeable; the on the forewing above in the base of the areas 2 and 3 and on the basal part 
of the veins 2 to 4 with a dull grey mealy spot. Under surface in the $ with a whitish-grey ground-colour and 
small, indistinct spots on the hindwing, in the $ whitish with larger and more distinct spots on the hindwing. 
Cape Colony to Transvaal. 
A. brachycera Trim. (71 a, b) is easily recognizable by the wings above being blackish-grey or blackish; 
the central spot and the black discal spots indistinctly contrast with the dark ground-colour. Wings beneath 
grey with black discal spots usually arranged in an arcuate row on both wings. This species, distinguished 
by the short antennae, has hitherto only been met with in Cape Colony. 
Fifth Group of Genera. 
By the marks mentioned in the review (p. 361) the genera belonging hereto are distinguished from the 
other Lycaenidae. They are easily recognized by the long, thin joints of the antennal shaft and by the hind¬ 
wing being entirely rounded off at the anal angle, and form a quite natural division with numerous species. 
Many authors divide this group of genera into a very great number of genera. For reasons which I 
shall describe more at large at foot, I shall here regard these ,,genera “ only as subordinate genera of three large 
and very natural genera. All agree in the fact that the species placed here to the genera Lycaenesthes, Cupido 
and Heodes are more closely allied to each other than to the species of the other genera. The same, however, 
is not the case with the subordinate genera, the differences of which are so great that it is possible that they 
are only based upon analogies and not upon homologies, and thus do not exhibit a real affinity. The first and 
foremost attribute of a natural genus must be that the species contained therein must be more closely allied 
to each other than to the species of any other genus. 
