PARNASSIUS. By Chr. Bollow. 
31 
strongly marked anal spots. The lower base of the cell and the hindmarginal shading which reaches to the 
end cell spot is heavier than in the <$. No submarginal band. —- Uralka near Orenburg and Kisilkaja in the 
Urals is the home of subsp. uralka Bryk which corresponds in size with the south Russian craspedontis Fruhst. uralka. 
The $$ are pronouncedly androtropic, i. e. always with hindmarginal spot, they closely resemble 
ugrjumovi and have similarly the yellow maxbarteli markings of the large ocelli on the underside, but they 
are much larger than these. cj$ also distinctly distinguishable from craspedontis, which are usually 
“intact’’. They are more strongly marked than ugrjumovi. They would best be described as a craspedontis 
form with appearance of ugrjumovi. — Verity describes from Kuban in the Caucasus the subsp. caucasia with caucusia. 
which according to the author the race of delgranprincipe Bryk from Adschara, Elbrus in Caucasia is synonymous. 
The have a wide transparent margin which narrows down towards the anal angle extending to cubi- 
talis 2. The subcostal band is distinct and often extends to media 2. The end cell spot is large but narrow 
the middle cell spot wide and oval taking up nearly the whole width of the cell. Hindmarginal spot indistinct 
only indicated by a few scales. In the hindwings a streak-like oblique subcostal spot. End cell spot two-celled, 
narrow joined up with the black dusting of the hindmargin encircling the discal cell. The anal spot is 
also united similarly and pointing towards end cell spot without however definitely uniting with 
same. The $$ are much more richly marked. The transparent margin is unusually wide, only becoming 
slightly narrower towards the hindmargin and slightly undulating inwards. The subcostalband stretches in 
an arc down to media 3. Cell spots smaller than in the $ but nevertheless clearly outlined and black. The 
hindmarginal spot distinct. Base of the wings darkly suffused. In the hindwings a streak-like small costal 
spot. The shading of the hindmargin stretches towards the base into the cell encircling same and uniting with 
the large rectangular two-celled end cell spot. Also the anal spots are united with same; they are large and 
sometimes forming a band with end cell spot enclosing a more or less large white area. A weak submarginal 
band is clearly perceptible and the nervules towards the margin are increasingly suffused with black. — The 
following races from Asia Minor are typically characterised by their fine marking and distended cell spots. 
subsp. adolphi Bryk (= hyrcana O. B.-H. i. 1. louristanus Bangnoiv ) from Sultanabad in Louristan (Persia), adolphi. 
This is a light race related to nubilosus Chr. The $$ have relatively pointedly elongated forewings, they are 
scaled closely yellowish white with black and black glossy / elderi markings. The hyaline band runs narrowly 
to the hind margin and is separated from the submarginal band by a wide band corresponding to the ground 
colour of the wrings. This is strikingly blackish hyaline, wide, at first parallel to the transparent border to 
the subcostal band, then it runs off at an angle almost vertically to the hindmargin and finally parallel 
to the sidemargin. Costal band is blackish hyaline. Hindmarginal spot is a longish black streak. Cell spots 
are large and deep black, the end cell spot is antiquincunx. In the hindwings there is a beautiful, darkish 
hyaline submarginal band. Subcostal spot narrow and longish. Cell end spot joined up with the anal spot 
forming a band. Basal and hindmarginal shading is sparse and black. Underside of the wings without 
markings only the cell spots are faintly indicated and otherwise the markings of the upper side reflect through. 
The CS lighter and much less richly decorated. The transparent margin is widely separated from the 
submarginal band and both break off at cubitalis 2, the submarginal band bends out like an arc towards 
margin. Subcostal band stretches to mediana 3, interrupted by mediana 1 and radialis. End cell spot narrow 
and oblong, the middle cell spot twice as wide filling up the whole width of the cell. Both are deep black. The 
costal area is sprinkled with black down to the base. Hindmarginal spot is absent. In the hindwings the 
markings are still more impoverished. The subcostal spot is absent and the submarginal band is only represented 
by a few insignificant scales which are scarcely perceptible. The cell end spot although two-celled and united 
loosely with the hindmargin consists of loosely distributed blackish scalings just as does the shading of hind¬ 
margin. — Bryk describes from Lebanon the new race of libanotica. The cut of the wings — both fore and libanotica. 
hind — especially in the $ is shorter and more rounded so that the apex appears foreshortened. The 
transparent margin is wide and separated from the narrow, undulating S-shaped submarginal band by a narrow 
band. Subcostal spot small only indicated by a few scales up to media 1. End cell spot is large antiquincunx, 
middle cell spot wide almost square, attached and deep black and very striking. Hind marginal spot barely 
indicated by a few isolated scales. Costal border tinged weakly with grey. The hindwings have all markings 
only faintly indicated. The subcostal mark is only indicated by still fainter and softer streaks than the end 
cell spot. The cubital spot, between cubitalis 1 and 2 is slightly more pronounced. The base is not shaded. 
Hindmargin narrowly suffused with grey at the edge. In £ the hyaline border is separated by a narrow lunulata 
like band of ground colour from the gently curved submarginal band: both taper off at cubitalis 1. Subcostal 
spot one-celled small and delicate. Both cell spots are much smaller than in $, but just as deep black and 
thickly marked. Hindmarginal spot is absent. The hindwings very poor in marking and without any 
black marks, only base of hindmargin suffused by very few blackish scales. The race from the Hermon 
Mountains named syra Verity may be a form due to local conditions: it cannot be termed a separate race. syra. 
The chief difference lies in the development of the cell spots in forewings. The cell end spot small and 
narrow, whilst cell middle spot is also small like a point. In hindwings there is only an elongated small 
cell end spot observable. The shading of the hindmargin as in libanotica. The base of all wings is not shaded 
