32 
PARNASSIUS. By Chr. Bollow. 
tikbesiana. as in libanotica. From Cheikle bes Akbes in Syria there is described subsp. akbesiana Shelj. also closely 
similar to libanotica Bryk. The differences are scarcely enough to justify a separate race. In both sexes the middle 
cell spot of the forewings is smaller. In the transparent border there are isolated crescents, which never form a 
continuous band. The submarginal band and the subcostal band are much wider in the $ and the former is much 
longer, the hindmarginal spot is obvious. The cell end spot of the hindwings is larger in the $ and the dusting of 
problema- the hincbnargin is somewhat thicker. — The Persian race of subs]), problematica Bryk (4 a) is very remarkable. It is 
iica " an androtropic race: the £<$ are very light and very poor in markings. The transparent band and submarginal band 
reach to cubitalis 1 and are separated by a band of lunula- like marks. The subcostal spot is faintly present. 
End cell spot narrow: the middle cell spot is characteristic, it hangs obliquely in the cell and whilst being small 
has the shape of a hook or a stud. No hind marginal spot. The hindwings may be without any marking but they some¬ 
times have a hindmarginal spot. The hind margin shows sparse dark scaling. The are rather more brightly 
marked, the transparent margin and sub marginal band are fairly wide and reach to the hindmargin, they are 
separated by a continuous band of lunules. The subcostal band extends a little beyond media 2. End cell spot is 
small, whilst the narrow, somewhat pointed middle cell sjDot lies close to the lower median nervure. A hindmarginal 
spot occurs. The subcostal spot on the hindwings is indicated: the end cell spot is more strongly yet delicately 
marked and is two-celled. The triangular anal spot reaches to cubitalis 2. The shading of the hindmargin 
through innumerable dark scales stretches often far into the discal cell. A somewhat aberrative form was chosen 
for the illustration: the submarginal band is shown rather longer and the middle cell spot not so small and not 
free. The cell spots of the $ are considerably smaller in typical specimens and the anal spots of the hindwings 
pseudo- are never so large and crescent shaped. — subsp. pseudonubilosus Vrty. (=- nubilosus Vrty.) comes from 
nubilosus. Trebizond. The <3$ have pure white ground colour. In the forewings the hyaline band is very wide, the inner 
margin gently undulating and S-shaped and with a wide band of lunules stretching to cubitalis 1. The hind¬ 
marginal spot is absent but occurs as an aberration. The subcostal band extends to media 2. The cell end 
spot is strong, black and antiquincunx , the middle cell spot ribbon like, fairly wide filling up nearly the whole 
width of the cell. The end cell spot in the hindwings is clearly two-celled, but narrow, almost like astreak and 
forming a loose band with the hindmargin. The base of the discal cell and the hindmargin deep black, 
becoming lighter towards the anal angle and diffusing. The $$ are more heavily marked. The wide 
transparent border stretches to cubitalis 1, the submarginal band is dentated on both sides and wavey and 
reaches to cubitalis 2, tapering off at the hindmargin. Both bands are separated by a wide, whitish band 
corresponding with the ground colour. The subcostal mark very striking to media 3. The end cell spot deep 
black and antiquincunx a characteristic of this race. The middle cell spot as in the <$. In the hindwings 
a subcostal spot, as well as a large two-celled end cell spot which unites with the anal spot forming a 
wide black dentated band. The shading of the hindmargin is sparse as if blown on. — In the kilikic Taurus 
sheljuzhkoi. a further race occurs viz subsp. sheljuzhkoi Bryk which is of medium size and in which the $$ have an 
angular transparent and submarginal band reaching to cubitalis 2 and a narrow lunulata band. The subcostal 
band is diffused to media 2. The cell end spot small yet somewhat larger than the oval roimd free middle 
cell spot. Hindmarginal spot is scarcely perceptible. The hindwings show an elongated narrow faint sub¬ 
costal spot. The end cell spot is two-celled attached and generally converging with the angular anal spot. 
Hindmargin" faintly suffused with black. In the <3$ marginal bands are similarly formed to those of the 
reaching only as far as media 3. The subcostal spot obsolete. The cell end spot small and oblong, middle cell 
spot pentagonal and suspended. Hindmarginal spot absent. In hindwings only the cell end spot is developed, 
stria-, it is two-celled narrow and attached: hindmargin sparsely sprinkled with black. — subsp. strix Bryk comes 
from Nikolajewka in Armenia and is a gynaecotropic race. The $$ show a submarginal band that stretches to 
cubitalis 2 in an arc-like scallop which is longer than marginal band ending at cubitalis 1. The subcostal band 
is strongly developed and ends at media 2. End cell spot small, middle cell spot strong like a ribbon filling the 
whole width of the cell. Hindmarginal spot square and clear but may be absent. Subcostal spot in hindwings 
clear, sometimes uniting with the two-celled adjoining end cell spot (ab. cardinalis Hirchke): anal spots merge 
into hind marginal marking ending at cubitalis 1. The base of discal cell shaded with black marking of hind¬ 
margin. The $$ show a more pronounced and richer marking. The two marginal bands unite forming a broad 
transparent margin reaching to hindmargin tapering off only slightly and showing scarcely discernible traces 
of lunulae. The subcostal band is very wide and ends with a small tapering end at madia 3. Both cell spots 
are deep black and bold, the end cell spot elongated and square, middle cell spot almost as wide but like a 
ribbon and filling out the width of cell. Hindmarginal spot large with a point upwards at the side which reaches 
up to and touches the middle cell spot at cubitalis 2. In the third of the cell near base are shaded areas. 
The hindwings show narrow elongated rectangular subcostal spots and two-celled bold adjacent cell end spot 
and anal spots that bend towards the margin extending beyond cubitalis 2. The medium heavy black marking 
of hindmargin also penetrates into basal third of cell and base of wings. — From Armenia, from the 
subnubilo- lake of Wan we have the fine race of subnubilosus Bryk (3 e). The shape of wings of the illustrated specimen 
sus - is too rounded. Especially in $ wings are much narrower longer and more pointed, approximately like 
boenei Sch weitzer on Plate 4 a. They differ at a glance from adolphi through these elongated wings and through 
the tone colour of wings which is much more ivorv-like. The band of ground colour between narrow 
transparent margin and submarginal band neither so wide nor so clear as in the race referred to. 
