PARNASSIUS. By Chr. Bollow. 
35 
of nomenclature and therefore we must retain the misleading name for the Amur race. The race is very large, 
whiter than the type form. The hyaline margin and the sub marginal band are both very wide and separated 
by a continuous row of narrow white internerval lines and stripes, which run from the margin to the submarginal 
and give the impression of dentations. In the forewings of the $ there is a narrowish cell end spot, which 
in the $ is wider. On the other hand the middle cell spot has disappeared, but in the $ it is still indicated by 
a few adhering scales. In the the transparent margin and the submarginal band are wider and stronger and 
the black marking of the hind margin is more extensive and darker, it surrounds the cell to the submedian. The 
$ has similar black marking but the hind margin is rather fainter. As conditional forms we mention here: ab. 
horniana Kardakoff from Narwa in the South Ussuri territory. These are small, dainty butterflies which have horniana. 
very narrow diffused cell spots on the forewings. Submarginal bands are distinct but not wide. In the hind- 
wings the base of the discal cell and the hind margin are deep black, lighter towards the anal angle. Size is 
47 mm <$, 50 mm $. — ab. narvensis Kardakoff flies among the typical koreana Vrty. The markings are ex- narvensis. 
ceedingly poor, the cell spots are scarcely discernible and the same applies to the marginal and submarginal 
bands. On the hindwings the base of the disc and the hind margin are deep black lighter towards the anal 
angle, subsp. koreae Bryk (= koreana Vrty.) is very close to koreana. The ground colour tone of the wings is koreae. 
yellowish. The hyaline margin of the <$ is double as wide as the submarginal band. Both bands are separated 
by a band of lunules. The subcostal spot is two-celled. The end cell spot is large and converges with the 
subcostal spot and the submarginal band and at the same time with the ribbon-like middle cell spot surrounding 
the upper and cell veins. Hereby an oval ocellus is formed in the disc. The hindwings are shaded, the ends 
of the nervules are arrowhke with the points inwards, forming a border to the wings. The black marking of the 
hind margin penetrates to the basal half of the discal cell and surrounds it widely to media 3. The $2 have a 
still wider submarginal band than the which unites with the transparent margin and has an indistinct 
lunulata band near the border. The cell spots are smaller and not so bold as in the <$, but they have the same 
form. In the hindwings one sees a distinct submarginal band, other markings as in the The subsp. esakii esakii. 
Nakahara from Odomari, South Sacchalin and Pilwo, Toyohara, Namikawo in North Sacchalin is a stately 
race of 60—62 mm wing measurement. It resembles the subsp. hoenei Schweitzer from Japan but is smaller and 
in this approaches the local type form. In the forewings the end cell spot is small, middle cell spot is present. 
The margin of the wings is almost the same colour as the rest of the wings, but it is not translucent. There 
is no submarginal band. The base and the submarginal area of the hindwings are more fully covered with black 
than the main type form. The basal quarter of the discal cell is just as black as the hind margin. The cell 
end spot is formed like a streak and joins up with the anal spot and the adumbration of the hind margin. 
From the Kurulian Isles a form of J occurs that has been named ab. subsp. doii by Matstjmura. No decisive doii. 
verdict can be given in regard to its right to claim to be a race, as only a <$ has been presented for description 
and nomination and the $$ are not yet known. The $ shows close relationship to hoenei Schweitzer , but 
differs by having a brownish postmedian band on the forewings and through narrow brownish lined veins 
towards the apex. The hind margin of the hindwings is not adumbrated in the apical third except at the 
extremity. The description is an almost literal translation of the diagnosis of the author, i have never seen 
the butterfly myself. Synonymous with sulphureus Antrum is citrinarius Motsch. and also the following 
conditional forms: ab. marginalis Bryk are specimens where the submarginal band is absent, which otherwise marginalis. 
is always a characteristic of this subsp. B ab. kunzi Bryk occurs in Japan and has the submarginal band united kunzi. 
with both cell spots, the band of ground colour may be absent in this form or else it may be retained. 2$ with 
a mid basal spot between the hind margin and the base are called ab. fermata Bi yk. A fine race is hoenei fermata. 
Schweitzer (4 a) from Hokkaido in Province Iburi. It is larger than the type form. The ground colour of the lwenei - 
<$<$ is chalky white, the veins very thin and black. The grey hyaline border at the apex and outer margin of 
the forewings very narrow, sometimes only faintly indicated. Cell spots of the fore wings weak. The submarginal 
band is absent. Hindwings are without markings with the exception of the black suffused hind margin and the 
adumbration extending from same to cubitalis 1 and 2 and in a very small degree to median nervures. In 
the hind marginal area a large white spot. Neck hips, abdomen and hind margin of hindwings with silver grey 
hairs. $ is the same size as the the black veins are even somewhat thinner, the middle cell spot of the fore¬ 
wings a little bolder but still very dainty. There is no hyaline border to the forewings, or else it is scarcely 
perceptible. Submarginal band is absent, but there may still be faint traces, which are scarcely visible. In 
the black suffused hind marginal area at the apex a white spot as in the <$. Neck, hips and sides of the ab¬ 
domen with orange hairs. The orange colour is not so intensive as with citrinarius Motsch., but nevertheless 
redder than in the type form. If in specimens of this race there is a cell spot, they are called ab. schweitzeri schweitzeri. 
Bryk. The absence of the cell spot is characteristic. — subsp. jezoensis Mats, from Hokkaido, Jozankei in jezoensis. 
Japan. Matscmura had only a few §$, the qq are unknown as yet, the 2^ are said to be a quite spotless 
race of stubbenclorfi. The colour of the wings is much darker and at the same time the wings are more hyaline 
than in the type form and the cut of the wings is narrower and more elongated. There are no cell spots in the 
forewings. The basal half of the discal cell of the hindwings is adumbrated. In between the veins the area is 
dark and slightly scaled with yellow. The lobal pockets of the ^2 are shorter and stretch barely half way 
down the abdomen. The top of the abdomen is black without any yellow, but with a few' yellow^ hairs. 
