PARNASSIUS. By Ckb. Bollow. 
one quite black. On the underside both ocelli have white pupils. The bands on the forewings are medium 
sized. — Also from Japan from Mount Daisetsu in the Province of Isikari in Hokkaido there is a race which 
has been named daisetsuzana Mots.: the <$<3 have a wider discoidal band and the submarginal band reaches to daiseisu- 
the hind margin, the marginal band only to cubitalis 2. Hindwings with red subcostal ocellus, whilst the median za 
ocelhis is smaller and paler. The submarginal band reaches in a round arc to the anal angle. The ocelli on 
the underside have white pupils. The 2$ have ocelli spots on the hindwings of the same colour as the ground 
colour of the wings and the red scales are absent. The submarginal band is much wider and extends as far 
as the hind margin. There are no red spots visible on the underside. The whole appearance is more sombre 
than the specimens from the Sajan Mountains. An aberration of the nervures has also been given a name, ab. 
donovani Bryk — it has a precostal spur as is typical for the genus Bericinus Donovan. The precostal spur 
is bifurcated, the knot-like stump turns towards the base, the longer more pointed towards the apex. 
P. clarius Men. (Vol. 1, p. 21). A variety of the female is ab. novarae Bryk (= semicaeca, ab. medio- 
extinta 0. B.-H.) in which the subcostal band of the forewings is almost and the hind marginal spot is quite 
absent. In the hindwings the yellow red eyespots are missing, there is only one black subcostal ocellus and 
the middle one has practically disappeared. The submarginal band is only slightly indicated. On the underside 
the highly coloured markings are scarcely discernible. — As against this variety, there is the very richly 
marked ab. eminentissima Haude (Plate 4 c). This is a $ with female marking and is strikingly like a 
dentata 2- The bands of the fore wings and the glossy margin are all well developed, there are lunulata. The 
end cell spot is antiquincunx, the middle cell spot wide and ribbon-like filling up the whole width of the cell. 
Subcostal, median ocellus and the triangular cubital spot are filled with red and all three are joined together 
by bold black streaks. Strong dentata submarginal band. The base of the cell and the hind margin widely 
suffused with black to the anal spot. 
clarius. 
novarae. 
eminen¬ 
tissima. 
P. nordmanni Men. (Vol. 1, p. 22). A large number of forms of this variable species have been given nordmanni. 
names; a beautiful somewhat albino-like $ is ab. atroguttata Aust. (4 c). Especially the hindwings are beautifully atroguttata. 
decorated, the subcostal ocellus is joined up with the median ocellus, which is divided in the middle by the 
median nervure through the cardinalis bar. Both ocelli are brightly filled with red, just as the cubital and anal 
spots, so that there is a five-eyed decorative band. As a characteristic feature there is a further round black 
spot in the apical part of the discal cell. The base of the wings and of the cell and the hind margin are widely 
suffused with black. In the Caucasus we find a 2- ab. oehroleuca Aust. which is a very large form with pale ochroleuca. 
ochre yellow wing colour, which varies strikingly from the main type. The thorax and abdomen are thickly 
haired with reddish yellow and not with pale grey as in normal specimens. The $ variety lunulata Bryk lunulata. 
are of the main type but which have a distinct row of crescents in the glossy margin of the forewings as 
is a constant feature of the race of minima Honr. — ab. leonhardi Bryk are also from Dolmissis in the Zweri leonhardi. 
Pass of the Caucasus in which the apical costa of the forewings is not hyaline, so that the border of the wings 
is surrounded by a toothlike process. A row of crescents as in lunulata Bryk. The subcostal marking absent, 
end cell spot normal. Both ocelli of the hindwings without red pupils. Anal spots have disappeared. On the 
underside the red pupil of the median ocellus is retained. From Kurush in the Caucasus we have the 2 variety 
fermata Bryk. It has the middle cell spot united with the base of the cell by a black bar. On the hindwings fermata. 
there is an interbasal spot (Fermata spot) between the subcostal cell and the base of the wings. The form 
mentioned in Bryk’s Catalogue as ab. nigripuncta Trti. is a bremeri form. 
P. bremeri Fldr. (Vol. 1, p. 22). A very variable species of which actually Bremer and not Felder is 
the author. — ab. theiodes Bryk (nec theoides Bryk,) are 22 which have a very pronounced and at the same 
time a very dark glossy band. The hyaline band of the forewings is covered with white scales. The 
marginal and submarginal bands are absent in ab. niphetodis Bryk (= inornata Mats.). The submarginal band 
of the forewings has dwindled to a few scales at the fork of the radialis in the £ variety marginata Bryk from 
Raclde. — ab. albida Shelj. are in which the hindmarginal spot of the forewings and the subcostal band 
have disappeared and only a few scales remain at the fork of the radialis and mediana 3. with reduced 
end cell spots not overlapping the cell are called ab. quincunx Bryk. — ab. rubropicta 0. B.-H. is an aberration 
that can occur in all races and which is characterised by two red pupilled subcostal spots. It occurs more rarely 
in the than in the 2?- — ab. obscurata Vrty. from Raddeffka is a very dark $ in which brown scales 
outline the nervures more or less widely throughout their course extending over the whole cell. A pretty 
variety is the $ ab. doerriesi Warnecke. On the upperside all traces of red are absent, both in the basal area 
as also in the two eyespots which are quite black, this = nigripuncta Turati. ----- ab. dentata Bryk are §2 with a 
distinct submarginal band in the hindwings. — In ab. cardinalis Bryk (= connexa 0. B.-H.) the subcostal 
ocellus is joined by a bold and distinct bar with the median ocellus. The subcostal ocellus is often triangular and 
unites with the hind marginal spot by a bar with an elongated point ab. sublacrimans Bryk. — 2$, which have 
a red basal spot in the median base cell are called schenklingi Bryk and when besides both deep red ocelli are 
bremeri. 
theiodes. 
ni phetodis. 
marginata. 
albida. 
quincunx. 
rubropicta. 
obscurata. 
doerriesi. 
dentata. 
cardinalis. 
su lacri- 
mans. 
schenklingi. 
