PAKNASSIUS. By Chr, Bollow. 
39 
are outlined with black. In the $ there are traces of the submarginal band left, in the $ they are almost always 
absent only aberrative, melanotic $$ show them very prominently. One form of the race is ab. lunigera Karda- lunigera. 
koff from Barabash. The highly coloured ocelli have a crescent shape the points of which turn towards the 
base of the wings. — A $ variety brykiana Kardakoff also from Barabash has much narrower wings especially bryldana. 
the forewings. The cell spots are only small and faintly marked with black. The subcostal band is wide, indent- 
ated and diffused up to mediana 3. The submarginal band is indistinct, widely interrupted in the space of 
the median nervures, the hyaline margin narrow. Hindmarginal spots like streaks moved close to the origin 
of cubitalis 2. The highly coloured ocelli of the hindwings small, only the top one with red pupil, the median 
one with scarcely perceptible red scales. Anal spot is diffused converging with the median cell and this again 
with the subcostal by faint shading. The costal margin of the fore wings, the base of both wings and the wide 
hind margin to the anal angle intensively scaled with black. The subsp. olgensis Kardakoff from the neigh- olgensis. 
bourhood of Olga and the Olga Bay has only been caught in the $ sex, but may be considered a new race. 
It is of medium size and shows a light yellowish colouration. The antennae are ringed with white, the cell spots 
fairly large and black. The subcostal spots are united with the hind margin through a diffuse adumbration. 
In spots 1 and 2 one sees two rose coloured little pupils and between mediana 1 and the radialis the blackness 
of the oblong spot is as pronounced as the neighbouring middle cell spot and the large round hind marginal 
spot. The hyaline margin and the somewhat dentated submarginal band transverse the whole wing and are 
very clear and fairly dark. The band of lunules distinct. The hindwings have light veins the highly coloured 
ocelli are orange red, surrounded with deep black and with clear white pupils. The double anal spot has 
two bright orange red pupils. The submarginal band is dentated, the marginal band narrow somewhat extended at 
the veins. The four basal spots are orange red, the two upper ones often with withe scales. The border of the 
wings is black with white fringes. The base of the forewings and the costal margin are richly suffused with 
black: in the hindwings the base of the wings up to half the cell and the hind margin to the anal spots and 
diagonally to media 2 are an intensive black. On the underside the two highly coloured ocelli and the orange 
centred anal spots each have a white pupil. This is one of the finest bremeri forms, which approaches graeseri 
Hour, in many respects, but in its whole style is similar to delius. From the coastal province of Sichotin, the 
Alin Mountains and from the bays of Ternej and Tjituche in the South Ussuri region 0. Bang-Haas received 
and described a new race which he denominates as orotschonica. The $<$ strike one by their rounded wing orotschoni- 
shape as well as by the small ocelli of the hindwings. The costal spots of the forewings often have a red 
pripil. The 9b have the tendency to form many varieties, sometimes they are suffused with black and 
sometimes they have a slightly yellowish ground colour. Light $$ are strikingly like $$ of phoebus F. The 
aberration described by Stichel in Vol. 1, p. 22 and called conjuncta Stgr. deserves to be a separate race, conjuncta. 
Staudixger had already described it as a “var.” The race described by Bryk as subsp. moitrechti corresponds moltrechti. 
with conjuncta. Its origin is Sutschan in South Ussuri and from the Ussuri river at Vladivostock. — In Corea 
on Mount Hakuto we find subsp. hakutozana Mats, which is fairly large o 65 — 66 mm and $ 68—70 mm and liakutozana. 
it is nearest to conjuncta. The difference is that the subcostal spots and the hind marginal sjiot are absent 
and of the latter only a few traces are left. The ocelli are narrower. The $$ have the submarginal band of 
the fore wings reaching to cubitalis 1. The median ocelli of the hindwings are without or with only a weak red 
pupil. The submarginal band is distinct and extends from the costal to the hind margin. The basal spots 
show r no trace of red scales. The $2 have submarginal and subcostal bands in the forewings. In the hindwings 
besides the submarginal band there is a red spot at the base *). 
P. delius Esp. (Vol. 1. p. 22). The following varieties belong to the large group of races of the european delius. 
phoebus (= delius Esp.) but single specimens can occur among the asiatic races of phoebus F . A very dark 
similar to ab. melaina Stdfs. of P. mnemosyne L. is ab. barthae Hirschke. The hyaline band converges with barthae 
the submarginal band and is very black. The cell spots are very large and in the base of the cell there is a large 
w^edge shaped spot, so that one can say there are three deep black cell spots. The subcostal band has 4 red 
spots. The hind marginal spots have three red pupils. In the hindwings the two ocelli are very large and 
with red centres. The median ocelli have two white pupils. The anal spots have two pupils also, but red. 
All these spots are united with deep black. The marginal area as black as in the forewings, the middle area 
coloured yellowish white. The black veins contrast strongly with the ground. The basal area deep black with red 
spot, just as deep black as the hind margin. The highly coloured band of ocelli are surrounded with white towards 
the margin. The underside generally lighter. From above Sulden in the Tyrol. Another richly decorated form is 
the ab. rubrocateruilata Bryk. The forewings with wide hyaline border and the blackish submarginal band rubrocate- 
curved like an S, separating both a wide Innulata band which expands towards the anal angle. All these three nulaia. 
bands reach to cubitalis 1. Subcostal band with three conjoined red spots. Hindmarginal spot filled with red. 
On the hindwings the highly coloured ocelli have white pupils and are joined together bv a bar of scattered 
*) Since the above description of Matsumura was printed I had an opportunity of inspecting many hundreds of 
specimens in Eisner s collection. The diagnosis corresponds with a few of the specimens, but the race is so variable, 
also in regard to size, that it is easy to pick out specimens of any particular “race” of bremeri. Therefore this is a race that 
can only be recognised by means of the locality label. 
