40 
PARNASSIUS. By Chr. Bollow. 
red scales. The anal spots with two red spots. Transparent margin narrow, submarginal hand almost complete. 
On the underside the forewings show three red subcostal spots, on the hindwings the upper red basal spots 
are small, the two lower ones long and wedge-shaped. The ocelli have large white pupils, they are connected 
by a red bar. Both anal spots are red, the upper one with white pupil. A further very pretty aberration is 
hies, ines Kertesz. It combines the features of f. nigrescens Wagner (viz. strongly blackish), hardwicki (viz. forewings 
with four red subcostal spots), cardinaiis Oberth. (viz. ocelli of the hindwings joined together with a black 
bar), anna Stick, (viz. hindwings with red basal spot) besides which the median ocellus is joined with the 
hindmargin and on the upperside there are two, on the underside three red anal spots and the red basal spots 
suffusa. are considerably extended on the underside. The $ variety suffusa Hoffm. from Styria has ail the black 
cervinicola. spots and bands on the upperside of the wings suffused and without distinct outline. The ab. cervinicola Fruhst. 
from Zermatt shows only faint surround of the forewings and the distal dusting is often absent. The submarginal 
reduda. bands in both sexes are sometimes completely obliterated. ab. rediicta Reverdin has no submarginal band on 
Unaria, the forewings and the anal spots on the hindwings are scarcely perceptible. The aberration binaria Stick, from 
Larche resembles the main type but it has a curiously split middle cell spot, although the spots may easily be 
connected. The spot resembles the outline of a cloven hoof. This aberration is included in the new race of 
nigropunc- eisneri Bryk. — ab. nigropunctata Bueren is like inornata Wheel. (Vol. 1, p. 35) but the lower subcostal spot is 
rubra reduced to a point as also is the median ocellus of the hindwings. The $ ab. rubra Christ, like hardwicki (Vol. 1, 
p. 35) has three red spots in the subcostal band, but also the hindmarginal spot of the fore wings and all spots 
rufomacula- 0 f the hindwings have red pupils (= tufomacitlata Hoffm.). The ab. casta Stick, has no black spot on the 
casta, hindmargin of the forewings as shown in Esper’s illustration of delius. In ab. muelleri Uf jeln the black sub- 
muelleri. marginal band in the hindwings of the is separated into spots, ab. contimia Ruhmann has the three anal 
eonUnua. g p 0 t g connec ted and with the median ocelli and this again by a bar with the subcostal ocelli. Vorbrodt 
excedens. gives the name of ab. excedens (— bicincta 0. B.-H.) when the outer marginal sj)ot of the hindwings is so 
expanded that a second spot surrounded by black is formed. Staettermeyer describes a variety from the 
nigrolunu- Grossglockner region ab. $ nigrolunulata which is characterised by a bold black hook shaped cell end spot 
JetUi. s i ni p ar to Pap. machaon L. — delius is inclined to form subsidiary ocelli and there are specimens in which the 
bachmetjevi. white pupilled median ocelli are separated into two parts by a black transverse line, this is called ab. bach- 
grapliica. metjevi Eisner. Quite similar to this is ab. graphica Stick, which has a white pupil to the median ocelli which 
cordiformis. however is divided by a red streak. — ab. cordiformis Bryk is a $ of ab. aurantiaca Spider (Vol. 1, p. 22) which 
pseudoro- has heartshaped ocelli on the hindwings. $ ab. pseudoromanovi Staetterm. has enormously increased ocelli 
manovi. w pj c p are completely filled with light red and also the three red subcostal spots of the forewings are strongly 
elliptica. developed. Among the <33 of the St. Bernhard Pass ab. elHpfica Stick, is quite common. The anterior eye spot 
brunneoma- is quite filled out with red and it is of a distorted narrow elliptical shape. — $ ab. brunmeomaculata Ruhmann 
wacutata ^ ias the oce 'I> with pupils of brown red. In the $ variety maculafa Bueren the ocelli of the hindmargin 
diffusa. are as "big as in the 2- — ab. diffusa Bryk has quite small ocelli in the hindwings, which at the same time 
are diffuse and only marked by the conglomeration of a few scales; from Sulden in the Ortler range. — 
decora, ab. decora Schultz has anal spots with red pupils. In contrast hereto we have ab. trosti Hoffm. where the anal 
trosti. spots are quite black without the least trace of red and uniting with the adumbration of the hind margin. 
rubrobasa- This is a rare variety in the <$, but frequent in the 2$. From Reichenstein we have ab. rubrobasalis Staetterm. 
Iis ' (= biexcelsior 0. B.-H.) in which both the basal spots of the hindwings are filled with red, so that the 
whole basal area has a red tinge. An aberration of the veins is the <$ ab. kerteszi Bryk. In the hindwings 
cubitalis l is bifurcated and mediana 2 originates in a short fork ex the discal cell. A very fine race occurs 
styriacus. at Reichenstein near Eisenerz in Styria and named as styriacus (4 c) by Fruhstorfer. The <$ illustrated 
belongs to the rare form of novarae Brylr. Typical BS are characterised by the pale white colour. A narrow 
hyaline margin and a sharply indentated submarginal band that is only half as wide reach barely to cubitalis 2, 
both bands are divided by a distinct lunulata band. Subcostal spots often have red pupils, chiefly only the upper 
one. The hindmarginal spot can be absent or retained and as an aberration with red centres. On the hindwings 
normal types have ocelli with carmine red centres which are mostly with a white pupil. Base and hindmargin 
an intensive black. The black anal spots also occasionally vary in size. In the $2 the white ground colour 
sets off attractively from the adumbrated wings, as the illustration of a typical specimen shows. A 2 variety 
plurimacu- ab. plurimaculata Nitsche has a second hindmarginal spot. There is another 2 form ab. confluens Hoffm. (= 
lata. ] ia iteres Bryk , zeta-album Bryk ) in which we have a very dark aberrative form with the subcostal spot and 
cell spots so enlarged that they converge and fill out nearly the whole cell. From greater Venice and greater 
hansi. Glockner we have the race of hansi Bryk (= hermiston Fruhst.). Although this insect originates from the 
territory nearest styriacus, its characteristics are furthermost removed from this race. Both sexes have a 
yellowish instead of a white wing colour. The ocelli of the hindwings are generally smaller and the white pupils 
reduced in size. The hyaline margin is less clearly marked, the submarginal band is not very distinct and the 
expedatus. disc of the forewings is thickly suffused with black. — suhsp. expectatus Fruhst. from the Passeier Valley at an 
altitude of abt 1200 m: the and 2$ are white on the upperside, differing thereby immediately from sacerdos 
Stick. (Vol. 1, p. 22) from the Engadine and the Grisons. It is closely related to styriacus but considerably 
larger. The black spots of the forewings of both sexes are quite considerably smaller, also the red subcostal spots 
