42 
PARNASSIUS. By Chr. Bollow. 
the submarginal band appear to be wider and they stretch to close to the hind margin separated only by a 
narrow lunulata band, whilst in the qA this is wider and distends towards the anal angle. The subcostal 
hand proceeds strongly to mediana 2 and even continues beyond that. Hind marginal spot large, the cell spot 
as in the A- On the hindwings there is a distinct hyaline margin with a dentata submarginal band. The highly- 
coloured ocelli are larger than in the A and are united by a weakly scaled bar. The hind marginal spot is 
large diffusing towards the median ocellus forming a nearly closed band stretching from the costa almost to 
virginea. the hind margin. As a variety of this form we have ab. virginea Aust. from Chamyl. The submarginal in the 
hindwings has disappeared and in place thereof the two ocelli are considerably increased in size. Further w r e 
leucostigma. have here the A ah. leucostigma Aust. the highly-coloured ocelli appear filled with yellowish-white instead 
of red. All the black markings appear a fainter greyish and therefore the insect makes almost an impression 
intermedins, of an albino. A few new forms of the beautiful race of intermedius Men. (Vol. 1, p. 23) have been described. 
alpestris. ab. alpestris Vrty. from the mountains of Tschuja at an altitude of 1800 2400 m is a true mountain form, 
smaller than intermedius , the AS much paler and all the black markings considerably reduced, the same 
melanica. applies to the $. — var. nielanica Vrty. are $$ from the Altai Mountains which are extraordinarily dark, so 
that only a few white spots stand out from the adumbrated ground colour of the wings on which nevertheless 
all the black markings stand out clearly. From the cell to the subcostal spot there are three larger longish white 
patches, and between the latter and the submarginal hand there are three indistinct smaller spots. Th e lunulata 
band is also white and consists of roundish spots which become diffused towards the hind margin: further 
a large white spot on the hind margin. In the hindwings the upper black ocellus is embedded in white, one half 
of the disc and a narrow arc running parallel with the dark band from the costal cell to the hind margin is 
a dirty white. This form is a counterpart to dis Gr.-Grsh. of nomion Fisch.-Wald ----- A further highly peculiar 
punctata, form is the A ab. punctata Pag. (4 d). 52 mm size, from the Altai Mountains. The ground colour of the wings 
is yellowish-white. The marking is very poor still more so on the hindwings than on the forewings. Only 
the median ocellus is left as a small black point. Half the discal cell and the hind margin however are still 
jortuna. fairly strongly black. — The last of the known races is subsp. fortuna O. B.-H. from the Sajan Mountains. 
This is characterised not only by the size, but by the resplendent pale white colour of the ground. The A 
is about 58 mm, has white ground colour, blackish hyaline margin, strong black submarginal band reaching 
cubitalis 1 and divided by a lunulata band double as wide as the submarginal. Two separate deep 
black subcostal spots lie along the costa and the radialis and media 1. Cell spots are large, deep black, 
hind marginal spot small round and also deep black. In the hindwings both ocelli are carmine red, the cubital 
spot roundish being attached above the small diffuse anal spot. The base, almost half of the cell and the hind 
margin widely dee]) black. The $$ have a size of 66 mm over the wings and show a very wide hyaline margin 
with a dentated wide and black submarginal band joining to the anal angle. There are two large black subcostal 
spots with red centres separated by a soft shadow. Cell spots are large, end cell spot as in a A antiquincunx. 
T he hind marginal spot is as large as the middle cell spot, all deep black and the latter with a few red scales 
loosely connected with the subcostal spot through a few scattered black scales. The hindwings have a fairly 
distinct dentata submarginal band and very large ocelli filled with carmine red loosely joined together and also 
forming a band with the three deep black anal spots through a few scattered scales. Base and half of the discal 
cell and the hind margin are widely deep black. On the underside the costal spots of the forewings are red 
as also is the hind marginal spot. The hindwings have bold red basal spots. The ocelli are large, carmine red 
with white pupils and the anal spot is red. The submarginal band has a strong dentata- like formation and the 
margin is wide and dark. 
apolto. P. apollo L. (Vol. 1, p. 23). A very pale form of the A is albens Trti. The hyaline margin only narrow 
aliens, becoming narrower to cubitalis 2 and dark smoke-coloured: submarginal band shows traces of scattered dark 
scales and is scarcely perceptible. Subcostal spots reduced to the size of points, on the other hand cell spots are 
large and intensively black. A hind marginal spot clearly present. - A still lighter almost albino-like form is the 
isabellina. very rare aberration isabellina Vrty. albina Vrty., albino Oberth., lamperti BryJc) (6 a). The ground colour 
is white with a slightly yellowish suffusion in general appearance of light creamy colour, all the dark markings 
are light grey or pale brown and very reduced. Hyaline band and submarginal band very narrow and scarcely 
reach to cubitalis 1, both separated by a wide band of the ground colour. Subcostal spot and median spot faintly 
discernible. Cell spots and hind marginal spots bold but only softly coloured blackish. Hindwings have a soft 
grey margin sparsely suffused and submarginal band only retained by a faint suffusion. Ocelli pale reddish surrounded 
by a soft brownish-grey and sometimes with a slight white centre. Base and hind margins sparsely black, 
at the base an indication of red spots. The anal spots are small and with red pupils. -— On similar lines we 
depravata. have ab. depravata Weiss, which belongs to the pyrenaicus race. In the forewings the subcostal spots are very 
reduced and the median spot retained only faintly developed. On the hindwings the anal spots are almost 
extinct. The black of the hind margin is only faint and diffusedlv grey and all the bands are pale greyish. 
On the other hand the cell spots and hind marginal spots of the forewings contrast by being deep black 
albina . and well developed, standing out strikingly from the very pale ground colour. - f. albina O. B.-H. (nec Verity ) 
are specimens with transparent and thinly scaled wings on which all the black and red markings are covered 
