PARNASSIUS. By Chr. Bollow. 
43 
with a whitish hue. The aberrations - • f. albicans O. B.-H. inversus Kammel are synonymous with inversa 
Austaut (Vol. 1, p. 25). — The $ variety theiodes Schaw. (= chryseis Vrty., flavicans 0. B.-H.) are specimens 
with a golden tone to their yellowish wings and differing thereby from all other races. Still more yellowish, 
almost brown-yellow AS which distinguish themselves through this from the former are called chrysoptera 
Std. -—The ab. diaphana Trti. (= hyalina Bryk) differs in another w r ay. Here the pale ground colour of the wings 
is hyaline and all the black markings contrast strongly from it. - The form described by Stauder as f. 
lepidaporia a form of pumilus Stick, scarcely differs at all. With the indifferent diagnosis of this author we 
cannot ascertain anything precise. A large number of forms named by him are mentioned here solely for the 
sake of a complete record, although really there is no justification for these names. The 2 fumata Rougemont 
(= perfnmigata Std.) has the whole upper and underside of the wings obscured by a smoke-brown. — $ ab. 
melahyalina Std. is a counterpart to mnbratilis Fruhst. of P. mnemosyne L., a form which shows all the black 
markings diffused into a blackish ground colour and representing the extreme of nigrismus. For AS which 
havea distinct female marking Fagnoul has created the name pseudofemia. This nomination seems superfluous. 
x4s belonging to the race of melliculus f. velata Belling reminds one of nigricans Gar. and need not have been 
named. In the forewings between cnbitalis 2 and the submedian nervure as well as in media 3 there is a 
5 mm wide black dusted spot and further towards the margin from the lower subcostal spot and inclining 
towards the submarginal band to the hind margin the black adumbration leaves only a few pale spots. AS strongly 
scattered with black scales occur only rarely and are called ab. perfusa Vrty. — A 2 from Mount Alto 
in the Aspromonte region appears with upper and underside ‘‘intensively glossy and oily”, remarkably weakly 
scaled, the wings asymmetrical, therefore a distinct pathological form which Stauder has called satyrus. —The 
ab. beigeri Otto (5 d) is a very fine aberration with black feelers. The forewings and hindwings are dull black, the 
hind marginal spot, the subcostal spots and the cell spots deep black, the low'er subcostal spot with a red pupil. 
Hyaline margin narrow. The hindwings with large ocelli of dark red colour surrounded with deep black of which the 
median has a white pupil. The anal spots have pale red centres: fringes of all wings deep black. The hairs also. 
On the underside the lower subcostal spot and the hind marginal spot have a red centre. The hindwings have 
both ocelli as well as the upper anal spot with white pupils, the lower anal spot has red streaks in the centre. 
At the base are four large red basal spots. - - ab. nexilis-decora Sagarra is a very richly marked form. The 
hyaline margin joins up with the submarginal band and is very wide scarcely converging at all towards the 
hind margin and only decorated with a few lnnnles. The subcostal spot unites with the enormously large hind 
marginal spot through heavy scaling in the form of a middle band. There is a third cell spot at the base 
of the cell through a partial adumbration. The whole ground is richly suffused with black and there are only 
white spots in the disc between the three patches and on each side of the middle band. Hindwings with a wide 
hyaline margin and a dentata band. The ocelli unite together forming a band with the anal spot. The black 
marking of the hind margin extends towards the base covering half the cell and also round this to cnbitalis 1. 
To the race of laufferi Bryk there also belongs ab. albidociliata Bryk which has cream coloured fringes: f. albo- 
fimbriata Std. has on the other hand pure white fringes. The A ab. derennei Mezger has a yellow-grey thorax, 
abdomen, back and belly, as well as a few such hairs on the upperside on the hindwings. The same colour 
shows itself in the nervules specially on the hindwings of which the margin and fringes are of the same colour. 
- ab. rubricollis Fagnoul has hairs on the neck of almost the same red colour as the ocelli as in suevicus Fruhst. 
- Small specimens are called ab. minuscula Vrty. (= nana 0. B.-H.. nana Rbl.) and specially large specimens 
are called ab. majuscula Trti. (= magna 0. B.-H.). In specimens where the markings of the wings are asym¬ 
metrical Stauder has given the name of ab. asymmetrica. Aberrations of the forewings are named as follows: 
— f. tiiangulum nigrum Std., are AS on the lines of ab. perfusa Vrty. having the whole area between the middle 
cell, end cell and hind marginal spot darkly covered with black scales and forming an almost exact equilateral 
triangle. When in the fore wings all the spots are so unusually enlarged that they almost touch we have the 
$ ab. exophthalmos Std. — In f. felkeli Std. on the upper-side the black scales of the anal area are irregularly 
interspersed with fine reddish scales from the base to beyond the centre. — In ab. niphetodis Stick, the hyaline 
band as well as the rest of the ground colour of the wings is thickly scaled with white scales that have a pale 
yellow tone. -— A similar aberration is shown by $ aicheli Bryk (—■ emarginata Vrty., immarginata 0. B.-H.), 
but in this case the white scales covering the hyaline band have a milky appearance. — In ab. limbovariegata 
Trti. (— interruptus Luetkemeier) the hyaline band has white scaled cuneiform spots pointing inwards. In ab. 
defasciata Schaw. (= pura Trti., marginata Bryk, reductus Kammel) the submarginal band is absent except 
between radialis 3 and 4 and what is left consists of a few quite loosely connected scales. In ab. nox Bryk 
(= hypermelas Std., elunata 0. B.-H.) the marginal and submarginal bands converge to a wide hyaline margin 
and the intermediate band of crescents is absent, ab. bimacula Std. (= reducta 0. B.-H.) has the submarginal 
band and the hind marginal spot absent. — In cellopura 0. B.-H. (6 a) the middle cell spot in the forewings 
is absent and the end cell spot is very reduced, quincunx form. ab. bryki Schaw. shows a further reduction 
of the cell spots, here both cell spots on the upper and under side are absent and on the latter the additional 
diffusion of the deeply vermilion red spots is characteristic. — The ab. quincunx Bryk (= mnemosynoides 
theiodes. 
chrysoptera. 
diaphana. 
lepidaporia. 
fumata. 
melahya¬ 
lina. 
velata. 
perfusa. 
bergeri. 
nexilis- 
decora. 
albido¬ 
ciliata. 
albo- 
fimbriata. 
derennei. 
rubricollis. 
minuscula. 
majuscula. 
triangulum 
nigrum. 
exophthal¬ 
mos. 
felkeli. 
niphetodis. 
aicheli. 
limbo¬ 
variegata. 
defasciata. 
nox. 
bimacula. 
cellopura. 
bryki. 
quincunx. 
