44 
PARNASSIUS. By Che, Bollow. 
ummacu- 
lata. 
smidtianns. 
ernestinae. 
emilii. 
subtushal- 
teres. 
zetaalbum. 
medioma- 
culata. 
basipunc- 
tata. 
antoniae. 
heptamacu- 
la. 
omega- 
apertum. 
orbifer. 
splendida. 
semipicta. 
duomacu- 
lata. 
trimacula. 
tridua. 
comma- 
culata. 
monopicta. 
deseps. 
unipupilla- 
ta. 
tripicta. 
pupillata. 
perfecta. 
albicincta. 
albi- 
pupillata. 
elongata. 
porrecta. 
Poly¬ 
phemus. 
caeruleo- 
punctata. 
sub centrica. 
nigrosecfa. 
sphenagon. 
frigida. 
marginata. 
dentata- 
rubro- 
marginata. 
Trti.) is characterised through the end cell spot which never reaches beyond the discocellular nervule. — 
unimaculata Bryk (= monomaculatus Bryk ) has spots much reduced in size and only the hind marginal spot 
is retained on the upper-side. — The <$ eremita Std. has on one side in the right forewing only an indication 
of the middle cell spot whilst all the other spots are absent and the crescent band is much reduced. The veins 
are slightly deformed, the middle cell is contracted longitudinally. The left wing is normal, therefore this is 
again a monstrosity which Statjdeb has named. — In ab. smidtianus Bryk the upper discal spot extends 
towards the base between radialis 1 and the radial nervure to the central basal spot. — ab. ernestinae Bryk 
(= extrabescens 0. B-.H .) belongs to the race of carelius Bryk in which and have the middle cell spot 
unattached in the cell. - ab. emilii Bryk has the same divided into two separate spots. Another superfluous 
name appropinquata Std. has been given to specimens in which through an increase in the size of the end cell 
spot the distance to the middle cell spot is reduced so that they appear to be nearer together. — Synonymous 
to cohaerens Schultz (Vol. 1, p. 25) are ab. ponsoni Culot, ab. confluens Trti. and halteres Bryk. On the other 
hand the name of ab. subtushalteres Bryk can be retained for specimens which only on the underside have 
the two cell spots of the forewings united by a bar. — In ab. zetaalbum Bryk the cell spots are joined by a mutual 
longitudinal distortion in shape to form a latin Z, a form which could easily be united Avith cohaerens. 
Schultz. — f. medicmaculata ( Frank d> Riemel i. 1.) Osthelder has an additional black spot and f. basipunctata 
Belling (= hexamacula Std.) shows a spot at the base analogous to the middle cell spot which is not united 
Avith the base but has been created by the adumbration which has penetrated into the cell. — In f. antoniae 
Std. there is a distinct additional spot which may be roundish or elongated and lying beyond the cell below 
the middle cell spot. f. heptamacula Std. represents a combination of this form and basipunctata Belling. — 
f. omega-apertum Std. are specimens which have the submedian nervule thickened and the two cell spots 
united thereby. When this condition also occurs in the upper nervules then a circle is formed in the cell and 
Rebel named this form orbifer (= omegaaclausum Std.). The aberrations herrichi Bryk and fasciatus Kammel 
are practically identical with ab. fasciata Stick. (Vol. 1, p. 25). — ab. splendida Osth. represents specimens Avith 
a strongly developed subcostal band. — ab. semipicta Kammel have the first subcostal spot absent and ab. 
duomaculata 0. B.-H. (= duomaculatus Kammel) have also the hind marginal spot absent.— Inab. trimacula 
Schaw. both subcostal spots are absent so that only the two cell spots and hind marginal spots are retained. 
St alder gave the name of tridua to specimens where the subcostal band is divided into three sharply separated 
sjiots. It is further reduced in ab. commaculata {Frank& Riemel i. 1.) Osth. AAdiere the subcostal spot and the upper- 
median spot are like streaks and the usual junction through a conglomeration of scales is absent as also is the loAver 
median spot. — ab. monopicta 0. B.-H. represents specimens with the subcostal spot with only one red pupil: if 
the upper median spot also has a similar red pupil then it is called ab. deseps Bryk (= rubropicta O. B.-H.) and 
if only the upper median spot lias a red pupil then the form is called ab. unipupillata Rbl. (= monopupillata Bryk). 
If all three spots of the subcostal band have a red pupil it is called ab. tripicta Kammel. In all these aberrations and 
also in the following unless otherwise mentioned the red pupil is on the upper-side. — In ab. pupillata Bryk besides 
the red pupil to the upper median spot, the hind marginal spot has a similar pupil and in ab. perfecta Fagnoul 
the subcostal spot also has a red spot. - In ab. albicincta ( Frank do Riemel i. 1.) Osth. the upper median spot 
on the under-side has a red pupil which is surrounded by a white ring. If this red pupil instead of haA T ing 
a Avhite ringlet has a white pupil then it is called albipupillata Osth. — ab. elongata Std. has the hind marginal 
streak remarkably elongated so that in extreme cases the point nearly reaches to the base. — In ab. porrecta 
Osth. the hind marginal spot is elongated with the point towards the origin of cubitalis 2 and in extreme cases 
it touches- it. There are tAvo further forms named by Osthelder for which there is no justification, these 
are f. definitiva in which the hind marginal spot is distinctly developed, and f. amplijicata in which it is 
considerably enlarged. When only the hind marginal spot in the forewings has the red pupil the aberration 
is polyphemus Bryk (— monopupillata Trti.. unipupillata Trti. d Bryk, monopupillatus Kammel , margopupillata 
Bryk). ----- From Wachau we have the striking aberration caeruleo punctata Koschabek which belongs to cetius 
Fruhst. This is a $ of deep yellow ground colour with still deeper yellow coloured fringes to all wings and 
with a streak-like subcostal spot. Characteristic is the blue centre of the hind marginal spot which is somewhat 
eccentric but finely surrounded with black. - - In ab. subcentrica Trti. the hind marginal spot on the under¬ 
side has a red pupil: in ab. nigrosecta Osth. the hind marginal spot has a red centre separated into two by a 
black streak. The rich ornamentation of the hindwings with the many aberrations has given a fa\ r ourable 
opportunity for the nomination of more numerous forms even than the fore wings. — The ab. sphenagon Schaw. 
shows internerval dark hyaline cuneiform spots pointing inwards in the hyaline margin. An extreme specimen 
of this form is called by Stattder frigida. These are where the marginal and submarginal bands converge 
making the hyaline margin as wide as in the forewings and practically without scales. — When the edge of 
the margin is wide and blackish the form is called marginata 0. B-.H. — A dentated strongly outlined sub¬ 
marginal band characterises ab. dentata Bryk (— lunigera Trti., arcuata Galv., dentata 0. B.-H., ostentata 
Osth.). — $ ab. rubromarginata Shelj. shows the margin of the hindwings on the under-side decorated AA'ith 
numerous red scales creating a distinct red marginal band stretching from the radial nervule to cubitalis 1, 
