PARNASSIUS. By Chr. Bollow. 
45 
a few red scales are also found in the costal and hind margins. Also on the upper-side of the wings at 
the margin there are a few sparse red scales. — In ab. phoibogryphos Bryk there is no submarginal hand on the 
under-side. — In ab. pagenstecheri Bryk the terminal vein of the disc is covered with black scales on the 
under-side. — In ab. ampHuspunctata Ostli. there is an additional spot on the upper-side between the conglo¬ 
meration of scales of the disc and the median ocellus. Ostiielder named a form taeniata in which a black 
band runs from the increased scaling of the edge of the disc to the costal margin between the base and 
the subcostal ocellus. — ab. magnifica Bryk ( Ksienzopolski i. 1.) was originally described from the race 
of alpherakyi Krul. from the Altai Mountains, meanwhile it has been found among many other races. The 
2$ are characterised by enormously large ocelli. The Altai form differentiates from the other $$ through 
a yellowish tone to the wings instead of a white ground and by strikingly black markings. Hyaline margin 
and submarginal converge so that there is scarcely any of the ground colour left in the form of spots. The 
second costal spot has a yellow pupil with a thick streak towards the disc. The hind marginal spot is rectangular 
and as large as the middle cell spot. The whole surface of the wings is richly suffused with black also the 
hindwings upon which there is also a convergence of the hyaline margin and submarginal band so that there 
are no “ nubilosus ” spots. The ocelli are large, the subcostal cpiite orange, the median also and further with a 
white pupil. The anal spots have large pupils and are enlarged so that they look like two further ocelli. All 
the ocelli spots are surrounded with deep black appearing like a diffused halo which unites with the black 
marking of the hind margin and all the markings surrounding the disc. This large adumbration leaves only 
a few of the yellow spots of the ground colour apparent, as for instance half the cell and small neighbouring 
areas. This is one of the finest of the Apollo forms amongst the Asiatic and Eurojjean races. — The ab. flavo- 
dilatata Std. is a combination of the following aberrations magnifica Bryk + flavomaculata Deck, -j- pseudo- 
nomion Christ, -f- deseps Bryk -f- decora Schultz + subcentrica Trti. All these markings are coloured a bright 
yellow instead of red. An extreme is ab. — decoiatissima Vrty. The ocelli are very large, the anal spot more 
widely red and rounded than in decora Stick. — ab. microstigma Trti. (= novaraeformis Std.) characterises 
specimens with a reduction of the ocelli to very minute points. — The ab. tisiphone Std. ( = extrema Bryk) is 
identical with the former, but perhaps slightly more reduced, the type of Stauder is in fact only left-sided. 
This unjustified denomination of quite immaterial aberrations can only be described as perfect nonsense. The 
same applies to ab. uniformis Std. ( Feuerherdt i. 1.), in which both ocelli on the upper and under sides are 
equally large and aequivalens Std., which is described similarly cannot exonerate the author from the above 
reproof. — ab. quadratula Std. from the Valley of Inn has rectangular ocelli and ab. posticelongata Kammel has 
red elongated oval ocelli. Turati has further nominated ab. semiluctifera (= semicaeca Trti.) a form with 
minute ocelli which however also shows the subcostal reduced to a black spot. — ab. euclidiana Bryk has 
“rhombeidal and diagonal ocelli, rectangular hind marginal spot and tetragonal white pupils on the ocelli'”, 
ab. rubrofasciata Fagnoul has the highly coloured ocelli of the undersides united with a wide red bar surrounded 
with black. — ab. laticincta Vrty. are specimens with the ocelli more widely surrounded with black, especially 
in the C in which there are often very striking specimens where the white pupils are also enlarged at the expense 
of the red. Stauder mentions an extreme form of this, ab. Hecate in which the surrounding black has reduced 
the red to a minute pupil. Contrasting with this are specimens with a very narrow black ringlet which Verity 
described as tenuicincta. — In ab. fractecingulata Std. this narrow surround of the ocelli is frequently interrupted 
by the veins which remain white. — In ab. ludifera Vrty. the ground colour is pure white and the ocelli black, 
there are still some traces of red in the ocelli and the basal spot on the upper-side. — ab. caeca Trti. (= leonhardi 
Bryk) has quite black ocelli on the upper-side whilst on the under-side they are more orlessred. Among bartholo- 
maeus, rubidus and pumilus Stauder found specimens in which the ocelli were not uniformly filled out with the 
same colour and he called these tetrachonia. — ab. rubromaculata Kammel applies to specimens with both ocelli 
bright red and without white pupils, on the upper-side. — ab. oinophthalmos Std. have light claret coloured 
ocelli with an inclination to violet iridescence. There are further denominations of various colour shades of 
the ocelli as follows: ab. rosaceomaculata Std. with rose-red centres, ab. pyrophora Std. with fire-red centres, 
a mixture of red and yellow, ab. aurantiacomaculata Std. reddish gold yellow slightly iridescent, ab. rubido- 
chraceomaculata Std. “ocelli vermilion red to light ochre yellow”. We should like to know what the author 
himself thinks of this colour description. — ab. sticheli Std. is said to look like the previous aberration but 
combined with the peculiarities of ab. nigricans Car., appendiculata Trti., cuneifer Frulnst. and pseudonomion 
Christ. — The ab. nevadensis Spid. and flavomaculatus Stick, correspond to ab. flavomaculata Deck. (Vol. 1, 
p. 25). — ab. ladogensis Bryk (= flavibidomaculatus Std.) has ocelli and other red marks changed to yellow. —- 
ab. limoniti Bryk (— ochreomaculata O. B.-H.) has ochre-brown ocelli almost Terra di Siena. — ab. ochreo- 
maculata Kammel xanthosticta Std.) has both ocelli with ochre-yellow pupils, also on the under side all 
spots that are usually red are all ochre-yellow colour. Both ocelli have distinct white pupils ab. binocularis 
Bryk (= bispupillata Trti., albopupillata 0. B.-H.). If both ocelli have such large white pupils that the red 
is reduced to quite narrow rings and the white mirrors show hyaline unsealed places this is ab. diaphana Trti. 
phoibo- 
gryphos. 
pagen¬ 
stecheri. 
arnplius- 
punctata. 
taeniata. 
magnifica. 
flavo- 
dilatata. 
decor atissi- 
ma. 
micro- 
stigma. 
semilucti¬ 
fera. 
euclidiana. 
rubro¬ 
fasciata. 
laticincta. 
tenuicincta. 
fracte¬ 
cingulata. 
ludifera. 
caeca. 
tetraclioma. 
rubro¬ 
maculata. 
oinoph¬ 
thalmos. 
rosaceo¬ 
maculata. 
pyrophora. 
aurantiaco¬ 
maculata. 
sticheli. 
ladogensis. 
limoniti. 
ochreo¬ 
maculata. 
binocularis. 
diaphana. 
