46 
PARNASSIUS. By Chr. Bollow. 
hij dr argy¬ 
ro stigma, 
irachomoph- 
thalmos. 
zirpsi. 
expupil- 
lata. 
inaequata. 
commato- 
stigma. 
commct- 
fixum. 
cuneifer. 
profluata. 
nzona. 
unipupil- 
lata. 
lacrimans. 
sublacri- 
mans. 
subtus- 
lacrimans. 
musagetes. 
steimmigi. 
reniformis. 
pseudo- 
corybas. 
appendi- 
culata. 
bachmetjevi. 
trachoph- 
th ethnos, 
■immci- 
culata. 
unima- 
culata. 
amplius- 
maculata. 
rubroca- 
tenata. 
Jcailasio- 
phana. 
rufodilataia. 
semidecora, 
margo- 
pupillata. 
tetra- 
dynamos. 
tripupillata. 
marschneri. 
basireducta. 
biornata. 
nordmanni- 
des. 
leuc'tpborus. 
dilataia. 
The large white pupils of the highly coloured ocelli irradiate looking like quicksilver in ab. hydrargyrostigma 
Std. — To the race carinthicus Stick, belongs the <$ ab. trachomophthalmos Std. from Carinthia, it has orange- 
red costal ocelli lighter in the centre, the median ocelli are orange-red with clear white pupil and the surround 
heavily black. The orange coloured parts are suffused with black. On the underside the ocelli show normal 
colouring. — The ab. jucundula Std. is an intertexta Stick. (Vol. 1. p. 26). - ab. zirpsi Bryk has the ocelli on 
the underside filled out with red and ab. expupillata Rocci (= rubromaculata 0. B.-H., depupillata Trti., smidti 
Bryk, rubromaculatus Kammel) has both ocelli on the upper and underside without white pupils. — In ab. 
inaequata Trti. the subcostal ocelli on the upper and undersides are not equally large and those of the underside 
towards the base reflect through by half their size. - In ab. commatostigma Std. the subcostal ocelli are formed 
like a comma in red and delicately surrounded with black. The form is very similar to P. delius, but one can 
at once recognise the apollo from shape of the antennae. — ab. commafixum Std. has the costal ocellus continued 
with a comma-like tail and ab. cuneifer Std. has the costal ocellus cuneiform. In ab. profluata Osth. a black streak 
stretches along the costa as a direct continuation of the black surround of the subcostal ocellus. — Inab. azona 
Std. the subcostal ocelli are without black surround, on the other hand the median ocellus shows still a few 
traces of it. In unipupillata Rbl. (= monopupillata Bryk) only the subcostal ocellus has a red pupil. — The ab. 
lacrimans Marschner (= nexilis Schultz part., lacrimaeformis O. B.-H.) shows the red of the subcostal ocellus 
formed like a tear towards the basal spot, whilst in ab. sublacrimans Bryk a black bar unites the costal ocellus 
with the basal spot. A similar aberration on the underside is ab. subtuslacrimans Osth. uniting the subcostal 
eye with the second basal spot through a wide streak filled with red. - - ab. musagetes Std. is said to have the 
median ocelli almost “half the size” of the subcostal ocellus. - In ab. steimmigi Std. the middle ocellus has the 
exact form of a crescent. In ab. reniformis 0. B.-H. the median ocellus is reniform and in ab. pseudocorybas 
Std it is cordiform, pointing obliquely forwards. The median ocellus is elongated in the direction 
of the anal spot and sometimes separates a small appendix ocellus which is like a black appendix to the 
cell. Turati named this form appendiculata (= bicincta 0. B.-H., posticelongatus Kammel). Stauder gave 
the name ab. siepeni to a type when the appendix is separated or only loosely attached by a few scales. The 
median ocellus can be divided by a black streak and is called ab. bachmetjevi Ugrjumov, the ocellus as such 
retains its normal form: synonymous is nigrodivisa Osth. — The f. omikron apertum Std. occurs under ab. 
magnifica Bryk and is said to have the upper black surround of the ocellus open. Naturally this form is nothing 
more than fractecingulata Std. and of the same value. If the median ocelli in spite of pure white pupils have 
a few black scales in the red ring such specimens are ab. trachophthalmos Bryk. — In ab. immaculata Ruhmann 
(heseboloides Schaw.) both cubital spots and the anal spot on the upperside of the forewings are absent 
whilst the latter still occur on the underside. - In unimaculata Bryk (= monomaculatus Bryk) only the anal spot 
is retained on the upperside of the wings. — In ab. ampliusmaculata Vrty. a third anal spot, the upper 
cubital spot is present. If the ampliusmaculata spot besides the other anal spots has a red pupil it is ab. 
rubrocatenata Std. { — ampliusdecora Eisn.). Both cubital spots on the upperside may have red pupils, such 
specimens are then called ab. kailasiophana Bryk, on the underside the anal spot unites with the two cubital 
spots forming a band. —ab. rufodilatata Lacreuse represents a combination of forms viz.: ab. pseudonomion 
+ expupillata + ampliusmaculata + decora. — ab. semidecora Bryk has the lower cubital spot with a red pupil. 
ab. margopupillata Bryk (= decora 0. B.-.H) has the anal spot with a red pupil on the upperside. - ab. 
tetradynamos Std. has the red anal spot and the lower cubital spot on the upperside with a white pupil. 
with a red anal spot having a white pupil are tripupillata Std. - If the lower cubital spot and the anal spot 
on the underside of the wings have a white pupil the specimens are called marschneri Bryk. - In the qq 
specimens occur having a basal marking of the upperside so reduced in size that they correspond exactly 
with the red basal marks on the underside: the white ground colour and the black markings are very sharply 
bounded. They are described as ab. basireducta Fagnoul. On the upperside there are two red basal spots in 
ab. biornata Osth. (= biexcelsior 0. B.-H.). On the underside all four basal spots can be absent and such 
specimens are called nordmannides Bryk, if all four are present and with nice red and white pupils we have ab. 
leucophorus Bryk. — The ab. wiskotti Oberth. (Vol. 1, p. 26) should have been called dilatata Thierry-M. — 
Aberrations of the shape of the wing, mostly monstrosities have been described and very 
reprehensibly named: naturally the author of most is again Mr. Stauder. If the outer margin of the 
fore wings is sharply bent inwards, undulating almost like an S we have ab. falcata Trti., and if the outer 
margin of the elongated fore wings instead of being nicely rounded is almost straight it is ab. posticelongata 
Vrty. All the now following nominations are from Stauder: f. papilionidea wing shape approximately as 
Pap. photinus in Seitz, Fauna Americ, Vol. 5, plate 1 d. - f. charaxina has wings similar to Gharaxes 
doubledayi, hindwings as Pap. morania *) (both the species mentioned are African). — f. anaeina has a wing 
contour like the american Anaea alberta**). — f. stupida has fore wings abnormally large and exceptionally 
*) Vol. 13, Plate 32 c and 7 c. 
**) Vol. 5, Plate 119 d. 
