Publ. .30. XII. 1929. PARNASSIUS. By Chr. Bollow. 57 
The hyaline margin is abt. 4 mm wide and extends to the hindmargin. The subcostal and hindmarginal spots 
are only small and roundish. In the hindwings the round ocelli show large white pupils. — chetus Fruhst. 
from Salzkammergut, the Priel and Schoberstein is not distinguishable from brittingeri PM. A- Rogh. - The 
race juvavus Kolar from the Hagen and Tannen Mountains and Werfen also forms a special race of only medium 
size, 65—70 mm expanse with fairly rounded wing contour. The ground colour is white contrasting strongly 
from the heavy black markings, the hyaline margin fairly narrow, abt. 2 -3 mm wide. The elongated oval 
ocelli of the hindwings have a white pivpil, mostly in the upper half. - The race from Mauterndorf in the 
Lungau, noricanus Kolar, is particularly striking in the 5 sex. It is of a stately expanse, 78—80 mm and more 
elongated wings. The black marking is heavy, middle cell spot square and large, hindmarginal spot irregular. 
In both sexes the forewings are dusted with black. Hindwings have a dentata- like submarginal band, ocelli 
are large, deep red with white pupils. Anal spots confluent. The almost 6 mm wide hyaline margin, in con¬ 
junction with the weak scaling giving an almost glassy appearance to these insects, is particularly characteristic. 
— From the ¥/achau and the woods of Vienna we have the fine race cetius Fruhst. The closely resemble the 
Ravensburg specimens. Ground colour white, sometimes with slight yellowish tinge. Hyaline margin narrow 
tapering more or less to media 3, the blackish sub marginal band sharp and dentate in the upper half, then 
ending weakly and diffused around cubitalis 2. Both bands separated by a wide white band. Upper costal spot 
small, median spot considerably larger, not confluent. Cell spots are large, deep black, heavily marked. The 
round hindmarginal spot similarly formed. Costa and base weakly dusted with black. The carmine red ocelli of 
the hindwings mostly with eccentric white centres, the upper one often blind filled only with red. It varies in 
shape being often round, oval or distorted, but always heavily surrounded with black. The black marking of 
the base and hindmargin penetrates into the base of the cell, surrounding it in varying extent, often extending 
beyond the end of the cell. Anal spots are fairly heavy, generally conjoined. Submarginal band mostly absent 
or scarcely indicated, the margin always pure white never scaled with black. On the underside the submarginal 
and the border of the hindwings lightly shaded with black. The ocelli here have very much larger white centres; 
both anal spots almost always red, narrowly surrounded with black, never without an amplius-maculata spot. 
Basal spots very large and richly marked with red. The $$ are very darkly adumbrated; the hyaline margin 
is wide and united with the sharply angulated submarginal band, but decorated with a continuous row of lunules. 
The subcostal band united with the deep black round hindmarginal spot by a wide black dusting of the area 
between the cell and the submarginal. Also the costal margin, base, half the cell and the hindmargin to the 
hindmarginal spot very profusely dusted with blackish-brown. On the hindwings the margin and the sub- 
marginal are distinctly darkly scaled and the whole surface of the wings with the exception of the distal half of 
the cell is richly darkly powdered, so that the ocelli and the 3 anal spots are quite surrounded thereby and 
by the black dusting of the hindmargin. The ocelli are larger than in the <$, have heavy white pupils and are 
very heavily surrounded with black. The anal spots nearly always with red centres. The underside as in the <$ 
but with brighter red markings. — In the race vindobonensis Kolar from the neighbourhood of Vienna the $ 
has a white ground colour with very sparse scaling, hyaline margin very narrow with a sharply dentate sub- 
marginal band separated from the former by a band of the ground colour and ending at cubitalis 2. The costal 
spots are small and roundish, widely separated. Cell spots relatively small, hindmarginal spot roundish. Costa 
and base show faint blackish dusting. Submarginal band absent on hindwings. Ocelli fairly large, the median 
with heavy, the upper with small white centres. On the underside of the hindwings the marginal and submarginal 
bands are dusky. Anal spots with red centres, the upper one mostly with white pupil. A small amplius-maculata 
spot is present. The $ shows a somewhat yellowish tone but fairly purely white specimens also occur: the 
upperside heavily powdered with black. Hyaline margin comparatively narrow as against the very wide zagged 
somewhat diffuse submarginal band. Both bands end at the hindmargin. Costal band fairly long reaching to 
media 3. Cell spots more heavily developed than in the hindmarginal spot very large, almost as large as 
middle cell spot. Inner margin of forewings, base and area between cell and media 3 heavily powdered to 
cubitalis 2. Hindwings still more heavily darkly dusted. There is often a small red spot at the base near the 
costa. Ocelli larger than in the <$, morely widely surrounded with black and with eccentric white centres. 
Three anal spots are present of which the 2 lower ones have red centi'es. Margin and submarginal band heavily 
dusted with black. The black marking of the base and hindmargin almost fills half the cell and surrounds it 
widely up to the media. On the underside the ocelli have larger white centres, both anal spots are filled with 
red with white pupils. — subsp. marcomanus Kammel (Rebel i. 1.) from the Thaya Valley in Lower Austria is a 
medium sized race with narrow and elongated wings. The <$<$ show pure white ground colour on all wings, the 
hyaline margin very narrow stretching to media 3 and the submarginal band strikingly weakly developed. 
Subcostal spots reduced, hindmarginal spot medium, in contrast to the large and deep black cell spots. Costal 
margin and base powdered with black. In the hindwings the median ocellus has a larger white pupil than the 
upper one: anal spots weakly developed and small: submarginal indicated by traces of dark internerval scaling. 
Base, one third of the cell and hindmargin with black scales. The black markings of the fore wings of the $2 
still more reduced than in the <$, also the hyaline margin and submarginal band are more weakly developed 
although they can be distinctly traced to cubitalis 2. The hindwings as in the <$, only the submarginal is more 
Supplementary Volume 1 8 
juvavus. 
noricanus. 
cetius. 
vindo¬ 
bonensis. 
marco¬ 
manus. 
