PARNASSIUS. By Ohr, Bollow. 
58 
clearly retained. There is a darker form of the $ of this race which shows all the black markings and also the 
hyaline margin better developed and besides has black scales strewn over the entire upperside of the wings. - 
serpen- subsp. serpentifiicus Meyer (Rebel i. 1.) flies on the Serpentine Mountains of the hungarian boundary at 800m. 
tmiens. p] ie are 0 f pure white ground colour, the forewings widely truncate, the outer margin arched. The hyaline 
margin extends widely to cubitalis 1, the submarginal distinct, narrow, separated from the hyaline margin by 
an equally wide lunulata band and ending at cubitalis 2. All spots of the forewings large, deep black. Hindwings 
with deep red ocelli, the median double as large as the costal, narrowly surrounded with black and with small 
white pupils. Anal spots distinct, sometimes with red centres, sometimes having a red basal spot ( excelsior 
Schultz). Hindmargin fairly widely powdered with grey. Expanse 80- TOO mm. Contour of the wings of the 
$$ same as with the <$, hyaline margin and submarginal divided by a wide lunulata band, both reaching to the 
hindmargin. Subcostal spots united in a band with the hindmarginal spot through wide scaling, which stretches 
to the cell and the submarginal between media 3 and cubitalis 2. Costa, base and one third of the cell thickly 
powdered with grey. Hindwings show unusually large ocelli of deep red colour, the median often with white 
pupil. Anal spots mostly filled with red and united with the median ocellus by an amplius-maculata spot and 
compact scaling. The dark margin usually united with the submarginal band bv scaling on the nervules. Base, 
half the cell and hindmargin scaled with deep black. The black marking of the hindmargin encircles the cell 
with lighter scaling, extends almost to the middle ocellus and the anal spots to the hind margin. The race 
closely resembles cetiu-s Fruhst. from Wachau, but is considerably larger and the surround of the ocelli is more 
narrowly black. The $$ also show a much heavier black 'powdering. In the region of Grossglockner there is a 
glocnerica. further race viz: glocrseiica Vrty. (~ glocneriana Bryk, glocnerius Fruhst., montanus Belling). The $3 and $$ 
are powdered with black dust and incline to melanism. In the BS the hyaline margin is narrow, the submarginal 
sharply dentate and separated by roundish lunules. The subcostal spots are large roundish and united by dark 
shading. Cell spots stately in size and oblong shape show deep black colour. Hindmarginal spot is round. On 
the hindwings there are faint dark shadows on the ends of the nervules faintly indicating a submarginal band. 
Ocelli are round, sharply surrounded by black and with white pupils. Base and basal half of the cell also filled 
with the very heavy black marking of the hindmargin which encircles the lower part of the cell and apex of 
same. The $$ show a liberal black dusting on the forewings, hyaline margin narrow and submarginal band 
strongly sinuous and curved. The area between median spot, hindmarginal and cell heavily dusted with dark 
scales, as also the costa and base of the wings. On the hindwings the margin is dusted and the very striking 
sinuous submarginal band extends from the costa to the hindmargin. Ocelli are larger than in the as also 
are the anal spots which are mostly supplemented by a small amplius-maculata spot. The black marking of the 
base of the wings still heavier than in the <$: the butterfly has a generally dusky appearance. Very closely 
deter- related to it is the race determinatus Bryk from the Ziller Valley. The ground colour of the is lightly tinged 
m mains. y e ll OW) the hyaline margin reaches narrowly to the hindmargin and stretches along same characteristic- 
ally: the blackish and dentate submarginal band extends quite vertically to the hindmargin being separated 
from the hyaline margin by a wide band of ground colour. Subcostal spots moderately large, indistinctly united. 
End cell spot small, median irregular, blotchy. Hindmarginal spot round, all spots of deep black colour. Ocelli 
of hindwings only small, brick-red, roundish, but heavily surrounded with black and with white pupils. Sub- 
marginal distinctly present, anal spots black, large and confluent. The black marking of the hindmargin fills 
half the cell and encircles same narrowly to the media. Markings of underside vary little, ocelli with such large 
white pupils that the brick-red appears like a ringlet. Black surround very fine. Anal spots quite red and with 
only a fine black border left as a surround, white pupils often shown. The red of the basal spots strikes the eye 
ow'ing to its expanse. The $$ are marked as the $<$, but the ocelli have larger white pupils, the anal spots 
more filled with red and always have white pupils with heavy but fine black surrounds. On account of the 
badelensis. rich black scaling the specimens seem to have a very dusky appearance. — The race of badeleiisis Lax. comes 
from Badelgraben near Peggau in the neighbourhood of Graz. The d'o are large with well developed submarginal 
band on the hindwings: the $$ are smaller than the $3, of compact shape and with broad rounded wings. 
Submarginal of the hindwings is dissolved into large generally very dark spots, dent at a condition very frequently 
occurring. Further, the disunited unusually large costal spots are striking and the hindmarginal spot is deeply 
imperialis. black and contrasts strongly with the pure white not powdered ground colour of the wings. — iniperialis Bryk 
from the Karzerwand near Guggenbach and Peggau is not a special race and should be attached to brittingeri 
Rbl. & Rgh. It has a narrow hyaline band as cetius Fruhst. which it strongly resembles and the submarginal 
is also narrow, faintly dusted and very sparse. Middle cell spot is oblong, subcostal spot divided, rarely united. 
Median spot often of crescent shape and not reaching to media 3. Hindmarginal spot only small. On the 
hindwings the small ocelli are of varying form, surrounded very narrowly with black and generally with a 
distinct white pupil. Anal spots occur united and separated, more or less strongly developed, sometimes with 
red scales in the second. Basal and hindmarginal dusting scant, generally encircling the cell as far as in 
brittingeri. Ground colour is pale, hyaline margin mostly milky glassy. The specimens look as if they have been 
