Publ. 30. X. 1929. 
PARNASSIUS. By Chr. Bollow. 
25 
band moderate, both cell spots sharply bordered, freqeuntly oblong. The $9 are much more richly 
marked with black than the galician. The end cell spot usually divided and not quite touching. Subcostal 
spot more or less pronounced, the second anal spot is present. Hindmargin not strikingly black. Trans¬ 
parent margin of forewings reaches to 1 st cubital diffusing. The end cell spot often inclines to antiquincunx, 
the middle cell spot is elongated and oblong. — subsp. deutschi Bryk occurs at Kelchsau differing from deutschi. 
neighbouring forms by the brownish yellow tone of the wings. In the hindwings end cell spot is joined to 
the anal spot and this again with the black dusting of the hindmargin, encircling disc. The markings delicate. 
The are as a rule marked similarly to estonicus, but the subcostal spot may occur striated. The anal 
spots reach to the 2nd cubital. Subcostal spot in the forewings strikingly pronounced, the transparent margin 
reaches to the anal angle in a sharp narrow point, no lunules. The 9? are lighter than the the subcostal 
band reaches to media 2 . The discoidal spot is weak and elongated. The transparent margin is wide diffusing 
towards the hindmargin. Hindwings without subcostal spot, end cell spot joined up with the hind margin. The 
size is 31 -32 mm. — var. ausonica Bryk originates from C'ima d’Asta in the Dolomites. The 9 has elongated ausonica. 
forewings, thereby immediately distinguishable from cuneifer Fruhst. Underside without markings, lighter 
scalings on the surface less shaded and pale slightly greenish. Discoidal spot oblong and slanting, clear cut 
towards the base, diffusing towards the apex. Discal end spot longish, costal bands straight, not bent 2 -celled, 
seldom 3-celled parallel to the discal end spot. Submarginal bands wide, reaching to the 2 nd cubital, transparent 
margin correspondingly long. Lunules always preserved. Hindmarginal spot indistinct. The base of the forewings 
and the neighbouring costal margin yellowish. The $ with black cell spots in the forewings indifferently developed. 
The subcostal spot reaches to the 2 nd media and is clearly one-celled, luniform submarginal band to media 3 and 
small transparent margin reaching 2nd cubital. The 9$ are 30—36 mm, the <$$ 33—35 mm. Wagner brought 
a striking race from the Venetian Alps from an altitude of 1000 m, named subsp. venetus Wagner (= venetanus venetus. 
Pag.). The <$<$ are thickly white scaled, the forewings with a wide transparent margin, bold cell spots and grey 
hyaline subcostal spot to media 2 . The cell end spot and anal spot of hindwings banded together shaded with 
black rather widely and intensively merging with black hindmarginal markings. The 9? are of a more brownish 
white colouring, the transparent margin is wider than in An almost completely grey transparent band traverses 
the forewings to hindmargin. The black markings of hindmargin and the base of wings much more extended 
than in The costal spot is distinct. The most striking, constantly recurring characteristic of this race in both 
sexes is the remarkably close and strongly developed black marking at the close of the disc in forewings and 
at hindmargin of hindwings as against the otherwise relatively light character of wing markings. Such 
a contrast does not occur in the darkest specimens of hartmanni and melaina. — subsp. cuneifer Fruhst. cuneifer. 
comes from Tione in the Ortler range and closely resembles hartmanni, but it has not the blackish submarginal 
area of hindwings of the latter. Forewings have large black cell spots and hindwings a pronounced end cell spot. 
The 99 vary more. Transparent margin of forewings relatively wide, often with large white submarginal spots. 
Hindwings witli striking large black subcostal mark and at end of cell and in anal angle an unusual long cunei¬ 
form spot. In contrast to this androtropic race of cuneifer Fruhst. from an altitude of 565- 770 m we have subsp. 
adamellicus Kunz which is gynaecotropic flying at a height of 1400—1650 m in the Adamello region of the S. W. adamelli- 
Tyrol. Ground colour more or less dirty white, especially in the 99 remarkably yellowish (ab. ochracea Aust.), 
which with their golden yellow scaling and hairs remind one of P. stubbendorfi var. citrinarius Motsch. Size 
49—57 mm. Discoidal spot generally even larger than in cuneifer, but very irregular like blots of ink especially 
in 99 and touching on the top discoidal nervure. Cell end spot large often extending to costa (= antiquincunx). 
Hindwings as in cuneifer. Discal end spot and anal spot well developed but scarcely ever uniting. The following 
aberrations were observed: f. lunulata Shelf., maculata Bryk, antiquincunx Bryk. A small race is subsp. carnienta carmenta. 
Fruhst. found in the Vorarlberg district. d'c? are most like very small hartmanni Stdfs. from Reichenhall, but 
differing through the absence of black discal end spot of hindwings and the longer and very pronounced black 
cell spots of forewings being all the more striking owing to the small size of the insect. Transparent margin 
decidedly shorter converging at the anterior mediana (M 1 ) and then disappearing, whilst in hartmanni it almost 
always continues to anal angle. 99 have thinly scaled, darkly dusted fore wings appearing consequently quite 
brownish. Wide transparent border without lunules diffusing towards anal angle. Very wide subcostal band 
joins up at mediana 2 on the one hand with transparent band and on the other with end cell spot completely 
encircling same. This creates four white lunulata- like spots between hyaline margin and subcostal band. Hind¬ 
marginal spot distinct, gradually diffusing itself into basal dusting. Hindwings similar to falsa Bryk, end cell 
spot isolated not uniting either with subcostal spot or anal spots. —- From the valley of Oy in the Algauer Alps 
the race of korbi Bryk (4 a) closely approximates to carmenta, especially in whilst 99 show more variation. Jcorbi. 
Cell end spot of hindwings is distinct and does not rest on cell, as generally with carmenta. In disc of forewings 
end spot is antiquincunx, just as central spot is diffused and suffused, almost converging, otherwise only the 
rule with the races from South Tyrol. — subsp. lysandra Fruhst. from Hoehentilching in the Mangfall valley lysandra. 
of South Bavaria: ground colour purer white than in hartmanni, transparent margin narrower and cell spots 
smaller. Hindwings show only rarely a slight dusting at end of cell or just beyond same. The 99 have a more 
Supplementary Volume 1 4 
