24 
PARNASSIUS. By Chr. Bollow. 
and Konigsee, is quite black on both wings, and besides there occur above the Konigsee specimens with 
likewise black wings, in which, however, the median veins of the hindwing are slightly covered with light grey 
tubulus. scales. — In subsp. tubulus Fruhst. (= anbulus, anbalus Pag.), from the Schoberstein in Upper Austria, the $ 
is distinguished by the peculiar yellowish ground-colour and the broad hyaline margin occupying almost half 
of the forewing, being very dark and reaching to the anal angle. The costal spot is prolonged to beyond the 
discal cell which is darkened; anal-marginal spot present. Hindwing with a distinct costal spot, the cell-end 
spot forming a band with the anal spots. The likewise show a whitish ground-colour with blackened veins. 
The hyaline margin runs taperingly to the anal angle. The black cellular spots are small and roundish. The 
blackening of the anal margin penetrates into the discal cell. Cell-end spot small or absent. — minor Sticliel 
parvus. (Vol. I, p. 20) also belongs to this place and must now be named parvus Sticliel, because the name is preoccupied. 
From the Plocken District Dannehl denominates a subsp. carnica which he mentions to be an ,,extraordi¬ 
narily varying, rather small local race, in which presumably all the denominated dark forms are to be ascertained' 4 . 
According to this description it will probably be impossible, even if there be a label of its habitat affixed, to 
recognise Dannehl’ s “subsp.” (!). The description of susbsp. Icarawanlcensis Dannehl, from the banks of the 
Drau, Rosental, and low parts of the Karawanken Mts., is just as insufficient. It is said to be of medium size 
and entirely light, here and there also with a slight yellowish hue. Black markings more closely together, 
distinctly defined, often reduced. The two forms are only mentioned here so as to show in what way names 
hungaricus. are often produced. — subsp. hungaricus Rothsch., from Transylvania, Kronstadt and Herkulesbad, is a very 
large race (9 58, 68 mm). The <$<$ show a white ground-colour. The hyaline margin is very broad and runs 
taperingly to the centre of the wing, mostly decorated with 5 white small spots forming a band. The cellular 
spots are small, like the costal spot, too. In the hindwing the anal margin is narrow black, discal end spot more 
or less developed. The 9 is somewhat darker, in the hyaline margin of the forewing likewise small white inter¬ 
nerval spots, the cellular spots mostly somewhat larger than in the $, the small costal band grey, frequently 
extending to the cell-apex. On the hindwing the anal margin is narrow black, often a small costal spot is present. 
leonhar- Discal end spot frequently united with the anal spots in the shape of a band. — subsp. leonhardiana Fruhst., 
diana. f rom Bosnia, has the male wings above uncommonly densely covered with more yellowish than white scales. 
The 99 resemble less intensely coloured orminion Fruhst. from which they differ in their more yellowish 
ground-colour and less intense black scaling. In the hindwing the lunar band at the margin is absent. — From 
dejotaurus. the Rila Planina in Bulgaria, Fruhstorfer describes a subsp. dejotaurus which he states to be a diminutive 
form of demaculatus Fruhst. and separates by the extensive cellular spotting of the fore wing and the small size. 
The 99 are entirely androtropic, little marked black on the hindwings. Shape of wings short and roundish. 
orminion. In the Velebit flies subsp. orminion Fruhst., a very large race. The show the hyaline margin of the forewing 
broader though shorter than in leonhardiana Fruhst. from Bosnia, and the black spots are very large and 
prominent. The black anal margin of the hindwing is broader and more densely scaled than in any other of 
the southern forms of the former Austrian Monarchy. Cell-end spot present. The 9$ develop two extreme 
forms, a lighter one chiefly occurring near Agram and a darker one recalling melaina and hartmanni. Both, 
however, are more transparent on the whole upper surface, more hyaline and purer white than the more 
yellowish-hued Bosnian melahyaline specimens. Cellular spots of forewing in both sexes very large and 
broad. The 9$ are much more darkened than the 9$ from Carniola, Croatia, Serbia, and the Hungarian 
lowlands. The blackening of the forewings is more complete than in the darkest mesoleucus- 99 from the 
ophrinion. Tatra, but without a submarginal band. — subsp. ophrinion Fruhst., from Carniola and Croatia, is allied with 
South-Hungarian races and also with parvus Stick. The are moderately gynaicotropic. The imagines of this 
race flying near Laibach and Agram very rarely show a taeniata- formation; arcuata- forms are unknown. — var. 
bureschi. bureschi Bryk, from Hudowa in Macedonia, is a small, densely scaled, androtropic race distinguished from all 
the races by the small submarginal band not running parallel as in the typical species, but projecting towards 
the base near mediana 3 and then suddenly being cut short. In the 9 this is more distinct than in the <$. The 
hyaline band extends yet beyond the 1 st cubital vein and forms small indistinct hyaline spots in the lunar band 
which is almost extinct in the <$. Subcostal spot monocellular in the <$, in the 9 only forming a hyaline streak 
between media 1 and 2 . Cellular spots black and strong, the distal one at the cell-end antiquincunx. The anal- 
marginal spot is absent in the 9- The <$ is “intact” with a distinctly blackened anal margin. The 9 exhibits 
all the typical spots of female mnemosyne. In the base of the cell no black colour whatever. — From Albania 
parvisi. Ttjrati described the subsp. parvisi (= variabilis Trti.). It resembles mesoleucus Fruhst. andstill more leonhardiana 
Bryk, but it is distinguished by the chalky yellowish-white colouring exhibited by both the sexes which also have a 
broad hyaline margin tapering off towards the anal margin and extending to the 2 nd cubital vein. The $ has mode¬ 
rate cellular spots and also the costal spot. In the hindwing the cell-end spot and anal spots are present and 
invariably connected with the anal-marginal blackening. The latter frequently penetrates into the discal cell 
which it almost fills up. Anyhow this race is extremely variable in the marking. The 99 have in the forewing 
a small distinct costal band, the cellular spots are large and strong, especially the central spot which is oblong- 
quadrangular and fills up the whole width of the cell. In the hindwing the costal spot is present, the cell-end 
ivagneri. spot is large, frequently united with the anal spot and forming a band. — The race wagneri Bryk, from 
Hatcara, Distr. of Prahova (Rumania), is a densely scaled form the $$ of which mostly occur in the “ intacta 
state; rarely with a monocellular cell-end spot in the hindwing. Anal margin very little blackened. Hyaline 
