PARNASSIUS. By Chr. Bollow. 
21 
kammeli Hirschke & Kunz differs in the submarginal band and the hyaline border being confluent and forming 
a uniform band. This is a racial mark in subsp. adolphi Bryk. — $-ab. nox Bryk refers to aberrations of all 
the races which normally show lunar spots and in which they are aberratively absent. It was described from 
the Alexander Mts. of subsp. gigantea Stgr. — ab. abducta Kammel , from Purgstein in Bohemia, the submarginal 
band is extinct. The white scaling in the centre of the wing extends to the white-scaled lunar spots (lunulata- 
state) and unites with them so that it now extends serrate-dentately with 5 five points into the rest of the 
hyaline margin. -— ^ ab. cttonis Bryk belongs to the largest forms. It is an inverse $ from Buchara with a very 
narrow not hyaline margin. — ^-ab. marginata Bryk has an extinct submarginal band, the hyaline band 
therefore looks very narrow. — If a subcostal spot occurs in male gynaecotropic races *), they are called ab. 
bergeri Hirschke <£• Kunz ; from the Adamello District. — Males without any subcostal spot on the forewing 
are ab. benamderi Bryk, from Aland. - In ab. ruhmanni Hoffm. the two cellular spots of the forewing are as 
narrow as streaks. — ab. antiquincunx Bryk shows the spot at the cell-margin of the forewing enlarged across 
the cell-end vein towards the costa. This aberration is typical of nubilosus, problematica, and adolphi Brylc. 
— In the form incerta Bryk the spot at the cell-margin of the forewing is removed to the lower cell-wall. In 
ab. ernestinae Bryk the discocellular spot is reduced and separated, described from a male of subsp. karjala 
Bryk. — The discocellular spot is divided into two spots in ab. emilii Bryk. - ab. conjuncta Trti. is the same 
as halteres Musch. (Yol. I, p. 20). — ab. conflua Kammel is a form of baiteres, since the two cellular spots are 
connected by a bar which, however, is very narrow. At the posterior margin the black maculata- spot appears. 
In the hindwing the typical black spot of the $$ is absent, but the basal sj)ot of ab. siegeli Bryk is strongly 
present. The anal spots are very strongly developed and connected with the basal spot by a closed bar. From 
the Adamello District, Val di Genova, 1600 m. — A very magnif cent species is ab. maxbarteli Bryk ( = barteli 
Bryk) from the lssykkul. On the under surface the discal spots exhibit beautiful, rounded yellow centres 
(occurring also in athene Stichel. — ab. atroguttata Bryk belonging to hassicus is a slightly melanotic form. From 
the cell-end towards the base a slight shadow forming a small though distinct tail, and from the direction of 
the basal spot blackish scales sometimes penetrate into the discal cell. — ab. fermata Bryk (= addenda Std.) 
has a wedge-spot between the base and the anal-marginal spot. — Males with a distinct anal-marginal spot are 
ab. maculata Bryk (= apollonia Kammel). Aberrations of the hindwing are: ab. hyalomarginata Hoffm. showing 
the distal margin edged with a hyaline band of 4—5 mm width, not very rarely in males, but also in the female. 
A very remarkable condition-form hitherto found among liassica Pagenst. is ab. siegeli Bryk. The costal spot 
in the hindwing seems to be extinct or it has wandered towards the base, where it forms a “gigantic interbasal 
spot”. The basal third of the discal cell is intensely blackened, and the black parts at the anal margin extend 
to the centre. — From Northern Russia Ivrulikowsky described ab. intacta which, however, may occur 
everywhere. They are lepidoptera in which the black dusting at the cell-end, the spot at the cell-margin of the 
hindwing may be hardly marked or entirely absent (Vol. I, pi. 10 e, 4). -— The reverse of it is d'-ab. desintacta 
Bryk with a monocellular feeble cell-end spot adjoining to the disc; it was hitherto found among an otherwise 
intact race from Schonen in Sweden. — Females of an androtropic race, which beside the two cellular maculae 
of the forewing and the blackening of the anal margin of the hindwing do not exhibit any other markings on 
the hindwing, are called ab. inversa Bryk. — ab. arenaria Stichel (— arcuata Hirschke) has typical forewings, 
but the hindwing lacks the subcostal spot, and the upper surface exhibits in the marginal area a very prominent 
band which is serrate-dentately sinuous. In the dfS the black markings are reduced, in the $$ rather increased. 
The markings beneath are like those above, but they are less distinct. — In ab. cardinalis Bryk the subcostal 
spot is connected with the cell-end spot by a thick black bar, the forewings being normal. - In fasciata Hirschke 
(= semifasciata Hirschke, taeniata Hirschke nec Stichel, ulrichi Vorbrcdt) the forewings are likewise normal, 
but the hindwing above shows a closed median band extending broadly arched from the costal margin to the 
anal margin and being very conspicuous, since the marginal area is without any marking. — A very similar 
though not so prominent form is cj-ab. herrichi Bryk in which, however, the small costal band of the forewing 
is connected with the anal-marginal spot by a distinct bar. -— A combined form is $-ab. habichi Bohatsch 
( arenar ia + cardinalis) being very similar to arenaria Stichel, though more intensely dusted dark, with a broad 
hyaline margin of the forewing, and in the white marginal area of the hindwing with a blackish, notched, 
crescentiform macular band. Likewise combined is ab. taeniata Stichel (= herrichi + cardinalis 4- arenaria). —A 
tricellular anal-marginal spot formed by the union of the cell-end spot with the anal spot causes this aberration occur¬ 
ring inthe male to be denominated :ab. perversus Bryk (= bargeri Fischer). — Males lacking the anal spots 3 between 
the 1st and 2nd cubitus are: ab. kemeni Bryk. — Some of the aberrations enumerated above are hardly worth men¬ 
tioning, but still less interesting are the following forms with neural aberrations. They are mentioned here merely 
by reason of completeness: §-ab. kramlingerianus Kammel. In the forewing only media 1 and 2 are developed 
beside the costal vein, whilst the other marginal veins are only partly present and confusedly arranged. In the 
hindwing only the subcostal vein and the cellular vein are present, the other veins as in the forewing. Wings 
normally shaped; the black markings are increased and stronger. — dhe third radial vein is very near to the 
first, and in a ^ it is even symmetrically coalescent, in another $ only on one side to the right. These abnor_ 
kammeli. 
nox. 
abducta. 
ottonis. 
marginata. 
bergeri. 
benanderi. 
ruhmanni. 
antiquin¬ 
cunx. 
incerta. 
ernestinae. 
emilii. 
conjuncta. 
conflua. 
maxbarteli. 
atroguttata. 
fermata. 
maculata. 
hyalomar¬ 
ginata. 
siegeli. 
intacta. 
desintacta. 
mversa. 
arenaria. 
cardinalis. 
fasciata. 
herrichi. 
habichi. 
taeniata. 
perversus. 
kemeni. 
*) With the expression “gynaecotropic” Bryk denotes Td with the tendency to female markings and with “andro¬ 
tropic” 9 9 with the inclination to male markings. 
