Publ. 21. IX. 1929. 
THAIS. By Dr. K. von Rosen. 
outside to the posterior margin; base of fore wing only very narrowly dusted with black. The race from the 
Yangtsekiang, montela Gray ($-fortunei Gray) which is always well discernible by the much larger cellular spot 
occurs also in the Province of Kiangsu, thus approximating the range of the South-Shantung race. - Variegated 
specimens of the $ were named cressotli Reakirt, SS with an obsolete submarginal marking of the forewing cressoni. 
elegans Brylc, whilst a $ with a series of small dark brown spots on both sides of the cell-end on the hindwing elegans. 
was denominated strandi Bryk. - The specimens denoted in Vol. 1. pi. 9 a and c as montela belong to the subsp. strandi. 
leechi Rothsch. from Changyang with reduced black spots in both sexes. On the contrary, a very large darkened leechi. 
race with broader black bands and a much larger cellular spot of the forewing as well as a narrower red anal 
band on the forewing above was described as magnus Fruhst. To the south of the Yangtse R. from the Province magnum 
of Kiangsi. The name ehrmanni Ehrm. is synonymous with tel. montela Gray. 
5. Genus; TSials F. (r. ZerynthiaO.) 
The ranges of the three species are distributed in such a way that all three do not occur together 
anywhere, rumina inhabits in North Africa Algier and Morocco, in Europe the Iberian Peninsula and Southern 
France, cerisyi occurs from Northern Albania and Bulgaria to Southern Macedonia and Thracia, in the whole 
of Asia Minor, then to the south as far as Syria and Palestine, moreover, excepting Greece, in the large islands 
of Candia, Rhodes and Cyprus, to the east as far as Western Persia and to the north in Transcaucasia, reaching 
the northern most point at about 43'4°, on the eastern coast of the Black Sea. polyxena is spread fan-like from 
Southern France to the east, inhabiting the whole continent of Italy, Sicily, the whole of the Balkan, and 
penetrating into the north-easternmost part of Asia Minor. The northern frontier of the species extends across 
the Ticino (in Switzerland it was only found once in the Rhine valley of St. Gall) to Lower Austria and Moravia 
(in Germany it was only ascertained near Weltenburg on the Danube, which habitat was already stated by 
Schrank) and across Hungary, the northernmost part of Rumania to Podolia. In Eastern Russia polyxena 
flies in the Southern Ural and along the Wolga from Sarepta via Saratow as far as the Kama R. in the Government 
of Kazan (Districts of Spassk and Tchistopol), where it reaches the northernmost point at about 55°. 
Th. cerisyi Godt. (Vol. 1, p. 17). In addition to the forms mentioned in Vol. 1 there are yet a number cerisyi. 
of insignificant aberrations, such as ab. subfiava Schtz. with a bright yellow ground-colour in which also the subflava. 
red spots are of a yellowish tint. In charis Schtz. the ground-colour of the forewings is whitish, the black charts. 
spots being increased. margarethae Bryk has the forewing above extremely darkened. Hindwing above with margare- 
black basal dusting filling the cell, the margin being broadly bordered with dark as far as the red ocelli, " lae - 
otherwise of a bright yellow colouring, beneath the otherwise yellowish-green spots have quite dark fillings, 
the ground-colour is a pure white; 1 $ from Palestine. In deflexa Schtz. the 1st costal spot is very short deflcxa. 
and hardly extends into the cell, the 2nd is only present in the posterior portion of the radial stem, the 3rd 
developed into a longitudinal spot not reaching to the cell. — spoliata Stichel (= destrigata Schtz., parnassoides spoliata. 
Bryk). Here the costal spots 1, 3 and 5 are reduced. - separata Shelj., described from Pontus, shows the 2nd separata. 
costal spot divided into two spots, and in divisa Shelj., mentioned from Batum, the 1st costal spot is split in 
two. — melaina Shelj., also from Batum, shows the black marking considerably intensified. — nigripuncta nigripunda. 
Shelj. shows the costal ocellus without the red centre; described from Batum, and in caeca Shelj. the red colour caeca. 
has entirely vanished on the hindwing above, whilst beneath it is still present. - The contrary are completa completa. 
Shelj. $$, likewise from Batum, which have a red-centred spot also between the radius and the 1st median 
branch. — Beside these quite futile denominations, however, there are also some races and local forms not 
based upon single specimens, such as: ferdinandi Stick. (3 c), a very large continental European form with ferdinandi. 
feebly developed black bands. The 3rd costal spot particularly in the is very much reduced; the 1st and 5th 
are mostly small, too, the latter isolated at the costal margin. The two black twin-spots on both sides of the 
1st cubital branch are large, the innermost of the 3 discal bands is invariably absent in the in the $ it is 
mostly only represented by a black streak between the 2nd cubital branch and the analis, or absent altogether. 
At first described from Bulgaria to the north of the Balkan (Shipka Pass, Lowetch), similar specimens also 
occurring in Northern Albania (the north-western frontier of the species), Macedonia, Eastern Rumelia, and 
Thrace. — In Greece itself the species has not yet been ascertained. The races in Asia Minor are still rather 
confused, the statements of the patriae are often very doubtful, taking no notice of the altitudes, and bred 
specimens are also here of very little use. I accord with Stichel in regarding as the typical subspecies of 
cerisyi the form from Smyrna with a very differently developed 3rd costal spot; the ground-colour is never 
whitish, the $$ always show traces of the blue dusting behind the red ocelli of the median and cubital regions. 
This blue dusting is also absent in those specimens from western Anatolia, which are intermediate between 
the typical form and deyrollei Oberth. To the latter form I add, in the first place, all the specimens from Asia 
Minor except those from the Smyrna district, although, especially in certain years, there occur transitions to 
the typical form. I can neither recognize any constant difference in specimens from Syria and Palestine, which, 
according to Stichel, are mostly smaller and darker, with (particularly in the $) shorter tails, and for which 
Supplementary Volume 1 3 
