12 
PAPILIO. By Dr. K. von Rosen. 
nausithous. 
platenius. 
macilentus. 
minir.c. 
scaevola. 
mucins. 
elwesi. 
cavaleriei. 
nigricans- 
rubicundus. 
parce- 
squamata. 
dialis- 
Manor. 
androiropa. 
postverna- 
lis. 
mandshu- 
rica. 
super ans. 
paradoxa. 
iuianus. 
hachijonis. 
syfanius. 
ulbornacu- 
laia. 
P. rhetenor nausithous Oberth. (2 a). The smaller and darker race from Eastern Tibet and West China 
(Sialu and Tatsienlu), above without the white stripes on the forewing, with a larger red basal spot, anal 
eyespot of hindwing with more red colouring, also beneath more extensively red, inner margin without white; 
$ with a larger red basal spot of the forewing, on the hindwing only the large light spot is of a pure white, 
the spots around it darkened. It may be identical with platenius Fruhst. from Itchang and Szechwan, although 
its original description does not correspond with nausithous. 
P. macilentus Jans. The smaller Japanese spring form from Hondo was named minima Shelj. — The 
West-Chinese race differs from the Japanese in the deeper red of the anal eyespot, and the larger marginal lunae 
beneath being inside scaled blue; above there are also traces of this blue irroration. It is very doubtful whether 
the name scaevola Oberth. (2 a) refers to a Chinese specimen. But it may for the present be used for the West- 
Chinese race. - mucius Oberth. is presumably only an aberration with beneath very much enlarged marginal 
lunae which in the <$ are also visible above. In the $ the two marginal lunae next to the anal eyespot stand 
in a double row. 
P. elwesi Leech. From the south-western part of Central China (Kweiyang, Prov. Kweichow) a special 
race, cavaleriei Le Cerf , was described, in which the distal third of the cell and parts of the disc on the hindwing 
are spotted white. The discovery of this form recalling white-spotted Papilio of the latreillei- group and Epicopeia 
(Vol. II, pi. 10 b), being one of the rarest Chinese copiers, is of high interest. 
P. bootes nigricans Rothsch. (2 a). The West Chinese nigricans, according to Jordan (Vol. IX, p. 77), is ex¬ 
tremely variable. In the same district there occur specimens differing from North Indian bootes Ww. (Vol. IX, 
pi. 27 b) only in the entirely black tail-end, besides such without any white spots above, as we have figured 
here. Between them there are all kinds of transitions, sometimes the spots above are red (= rubicundus Fruhst.) 
The ^ figured here is very rare. A very peculiar race was sent to me by Mr. Bang-Haas: 1 A each from 
Lutsekiang and from Rohand in the Province of Yunnan (Coll. Oberthur), ground-colour peculiarly bright, 
white spots on the hindwing large, between the cubital branches a 3rd small white spot: parcesquamata subsp. 
nov. (2 c). 
P. dialis Leech does not really inhabit the palaearctic region. By this name various Chinese forms of 
bianor have been described again and again. Already in the IX. Vol. (p. 77) Jordan pointed out the differences 
from bianor (narrower scent-stripes of the forewing, reduced red colouring in the marginal lunae of the hindwing 
above and uniform blue dusting throughout the broader and shorter tails). We figure here a A from North- 
West Fukien, from the Tring Museum. The Chinese race dialis Leech seems to be extraordinarily rare. Its 
relation to bianor bianor Or. is exactly like that of dialis andronicus Fruhst. to bianor formosanus Rebel. 
P. bianor Or. This species has a series of well discernible local races; unfortunately we still know too 
little about the forms from North and Central China. The northernmost race maaclci Men. with the spring 
form raddei Brem. is most easily recognizable by the green (in the $ sometimes yellow or white) band of the 
forewing and the broad green band of the hindwing, sandigi Bryk is an unimportant name for specimens of 
maacki with crescents inside bordered with red, whilst the form with 2 red bows of the crescents was named 
androtropa Bryk. Specimens of the summer generation forming a transition to raddei were named postvernalis 
Bryk. In Manchuria the spring-form exhibits, beside specimens with a pronounced raddef-character, such 
entirely recalling japcnica Btlr. above, as we see from Martin’s collection from Chikuancha. Summer-specimens 
from Shantung are hardly discernible from dehaani Fldr. The Manchurian form from Koshurei was recently 
named mandshurica Mats. In Szechwan and the adjoining parts of Tibet the species is very little variegated in 
both generations, still darker are some specimens from Hongkong, which in this respect even excel the Formosan 
specimens. One from Tatsienlu with a bronze-green band of the hindwing and very broad Indian-red crescents 
was described as superans Draeseke. The race from the I. of Sakhalin is called paradoxa Nakahara (= sacha- 
linensis Mats.) (4 a). From Yesso the form tutanus Fenlon was described, being larger than dehaani Fldr. 
( = ? satakei Mats., jezoensis Mats., isshikee Mats.), wings stated to be more pointed, the white patches on the 
forewing beneath shorter and less distinct, the yellow scales of the hindwing paler, the violet colouring of the 
submarginal crescents more distinct. The form is said to be especially characteristic of the north of the island 
and not to interbreed with dehaani flying in the south at the same habitats. hachijonis Mats, was described 
from the I. of Hachijo. The races okinawensis Fruhst. and junia Lord., which are no more palaearctic, have 
already been dealt with in Vol. IX. 
P. syfanius Oberth. is a doubtful species from the mountains of Szechwan, Yunnan, and the adjoining 
'I ibet, well discernible from bianor by the forewing beneath being quite unicoloured grey. There occur all kinds 
of transitions from quite spotless hindwings to those with pure white spots between the median branches 
(sometimes there is also a small white spot in the cell). Such an extreme specimen was figured in Vol. I, pi. 5b. 
it corresponds to ab. albomaculata Vrty. There are also specimens with yellowish spots on the hindwings. 
