PARNASSIUvS. By Che. Bollow. 
67 
of the $$ are more Vermillion than carmine red, much smaller and with less pronounced black surround than 
in pyrenaicus. On the underside one is struck by the reduction of the red basal spots. In contrast to pyrenaicus 
Hare the 22 are androtropic and a similarity to antijesuita Brylc is clearly perceptible. The Spanish apollo 
races have only of recent years become better known and in further exploration many a discovery is to be 
expected. From Aragonia (Alta Aragon) we have the stately large race of aragonicus Brylc which comes between aragonicus. 
nevadensis Oberth. (6 d) (Vol. 1, p. 24) and pyrenaicus Hare. (Vol. 1, p. 24, plate 13 b), Ground colour of the <$ 
is white with a yellowish tinge. The narrow hyaline margin is widely separated from the submarginal band 
which is dentate in its upper part, it is fairly heavy, dusted with grey-black and ends somewhat sinuously as 
does the hyaline margin at cubitalis 2. Subcostal spots are small, deep black and generally not united. Cell 
spots of moderate size, roundishly oblong: hinclmarginal spot sometimes large, sometimes small, it is roundishly 
square. Costa and base faintly dusted with grey-black. On the hindwings the ocelli are only moderately 
developed, carmine red, somewhat distorted circular, narrowly surrounded with black and generally with white 
pupils. Adumbration of base and hindmargin fills half the cell and encircles it narrowly at close of cell. Anal 
spots small, streak-like to almost extinct. Margin scarcely shaded and submarginal only indicated here and 
there by a few single blackish scales. The $ is much darker in tone and more richly marked with black, so 
that inspite of the white ground colour it makes a dusky impression. The hyaline margin although fairly broad 
at the top tapers off to a point at the hindmargin, as does the heavy grey-black dusted wide submarginal band, 
which encloses a scarcely interrupted narrow white band. Subcostalband reaches to media 3 with the small 
tip> of the median spot which is turned towards the cell and is nearly always united by wide dusting with the 
strikingly large hindmarginal spot. Below the latter there is still a small black streak close to the hindmargin 
and a small punctiform red spot is discernible such as also is shown by the median spot. Costal and basal area 
is more extensive but dusted dispersedly. In the hindwings one is struck by the much larger ocelli than in the $ : 
they are roundish, the median ocellus larger than the costal, widely surrounded with black and with large white 
pupil. Margin and submarginal wide and heavily powdered with black-grey. Anal spots band-like and deep 
black. Hindmarginal dusting lighter than in <$: it extends only slightly into the base of the cell and surrounds 
same narrowly to the upper media. In the on the underside the median spot of the forewings has occasionally 
a red centre. All the black markings reduced in size. In the $ both costal spots and hindmarginal spot have 
red centres. Ocelli with large white pupils so that the red is reduced to a narrow ringlet as also is the black 
surround. Anal spots have red centres. The red of the basal spots is much reduced, the two lower ones often 
to a few scarcely discernible minute spots. All bands distinct. — asturiensis Pay. is a race from Asturia, asturiensis. 
established from specimens bred from pupae by Pagenstecher in Germany, which he had obtained from 
Asturia. For this reason they are declared to be scientifically valueless by Fernandez and other experts. 
According to the description they closely resemble pyrenaicus. Expanse of is 58—62 mm, they have truncate 
wings of yellowish ground colour. Hyaline margin up to 5 mm wide bulging somewhat in the middle tapering 
off to a point at the posterior angle. Submarginal shorter, fairly heavy. Black markings of the forewings 
throughout small. Hindwings have small white centred ocelli: anal spots are punctiform or linear. Black 
marking of base and hindmargin weakly developed and narrow. The $ is also yellowish and very darkly dusted, 
it has a 7 mm wide hyaline margin which is confluent with the very wide submarginal and extends to the 
hindmargin. The disc is darkly dusted. Costal spots are heavy, the lower one with red scales. Hindwings 
have a very heavy border. Anal spots are heavier, the black dusting of the base more extended than in the 
Submarginal unites with the margin anteriorly and posteriorly. Red ocelli are strongly marked with black 
surrounds and white pupils. Undersides have a lively yellow tone, both costal spots have red centres as also 
has the upper anal spot. — The race ardamazi Fernandez comes from Puerto de Oliva, Espinama and other ardanazi. 
localities in the district of Potes in the Province Santander, it is larger than nevadensis Oberth. (6 b) expanse 
on an average 68—73 mm therefore smaller than many european races. Ground colour of the $$ is white, 
not quite so pure as in escalerae Bothsch. (6 c). Hyaline margin only moderate, submarginal band well developed, 
sometimes even wide. Subcostal spots less separated from one another than in escalerae not rarely forming a 
band together. Other black markings distinct but small. Ocelli of the hindwings normal, in the <$$ there is 
sometimes a more or less distinct light brown ring between the black surround and the red centre. Submarginal 
band is always faint nevertheless distinctly developed. Ground colour of the $$ is light but the melahyaline 
patches are fairly extensive so that generally the contrast between the black marking and the pale ground 
colour is very striking to the eye. Ocelli not rarely show a tone of sienna instead of red. — The habitat of the 
race kricheldorffi Eisner lies between that of asturiensis and ardanazi , but higher 1800—2000 m in Asturia on krichel- 
the Picos de Europa. The have not such an elongated wing contour as ardanazi and are smaller making dortfi. 
a lighter impression. Subcostal spots just as hindmarginal spot only small reminding one of escalera (6 c). Cell 
spots moderately large the middle one roundish, suspended. Hyaline margin tapers off somewhat pointedly 
just beyond cubitalis 1, as does the heavily dusted rather widely separated submarginal band. Ocelli of hind¬ 
wings small, approximately as in escalerae: subcostal ocellus usually larger than the median ocellus and then 
with larger white centre. Black marking of hindmargin and anal spots reduced fairly similar to escalerae. 
