P ARN ASSIUS. By Chr. Bollow. 
“ o 
t — 
tr.msbaica- 
lensis- 
titan. 
bipupillata. 
bipicta. 
octoginta. 
mdanconi- 
cus. 
duplicatus. 
mandli. 
ternejana. 
halter cs. 
quincunx. 
novarac. 
chosensis. 
ischiliensis. 
oberthueria- 
nus. 
internervally situate light conical patches of the ground colour in the hyaline margin are absent. On the 
upperside of the forewings all the red is missing and the subcostal spots are remarkable by their smallness. 
In the hindwings the costal ocellus is nearly double the size of the median, it is elongated oval extending to the 
costa. The basal spots on the upper side are also not red. - Verity describes from Transbaikalia the subsp. 
iransbaicalensis which is placed between nominulus Stgr. (Vol. 1, p. 28) and mandschuriae ObertJi. (Vol. 1. p. 27). 
It is exceedingly variable and not easily recognisable in all forms, but the ground colour is purer white, the 
black spots more intensive and the red colour of the spots brighter. — subsp. titan Fruhst. from Sutshan. 
100 km east of Vladivostock (not from North Afghanistan as Fruhstorfer erroneously wrote) has the 
generally larger than the $$ of mandschuriae Oberth. and they differ from the of same by the very dark 
red ocelli of the hindwings, as well as by the more hyaline margin which is often confluent with the heavy 
submarginal. On the forewings the black spots are better developed, especially the subcostal spots which often 
unite forming a falcate band extending to media 3. Red centres often occur in the median spot and liindmarginal 
spot. The dusting of the hindmarginal area is extensive. The 9? are more sparsely scaled, the forewings very 
hyaline, both marginal bands confluent, forming a wide glassy band which is decorated by a row of faint 
yellowish-white dusted crescents. As aberrations of this race we have: $-ab. bipupillata Kard. in which only 
the upper subcostal spot is present on the forewings with a red centre on the inner margin. — $-ab. bipicta 
Kard. has only the lower subcostal spot which has a red centre on inner margin. — (J-ab. octoginta Kard. has 
heavy black surrounds to the ocelli of the hindwings, the upper shaped like an “0”, the lower like an “8”, both 
together "SO”. ab. melanconicus BryJc has the upper basal spot without red. - ^-ab. duplicatus Biener shows 
with normal colouration the hindmarginal spot of forewings duplicated and the ocelli of the hindwings consi¬ 
derably reduced and egg-shaped instead of round. — $-ab. mandli Biener has the cell spots of forewings 
considerably reduced not extending to the upper cell nervure. Hyaline margin forms a continuous band and 
is not dissolved in spots: otherwise just as in ab. nexilis Schultz in which the black marking of the hindmargin 
of hindwings does not enclose half the cell as in normal specimens. — The race of ternejana Kard. from Ternej 
Bay in the South Ussuri is somewhat smaller than titan Fruhst. but larger than nominulus Stgr. (Vol. 1, plate 14 a) 
from the Sajan district. All the black spots of the forewings are reduced and also the ocelli of.the hindwings 
are only small showing traces of white scales. The submarginal of the hindwings is divided into small spots 
and not very distinctly marked in both sexes: hyaline margin clear but narrow. - - Brtk described ab. halteres 
of the subsp. mandschuriae Oberth. (Vol. 1, p. 27) in which both cell spots are united by a bar, so that between 
them 2 light spots arise and ab. quincunx is analogous to the same form of P. apollo. — ab. novarae Bryk from 
Tai-ping-lin in Mandchuria shows a greenish yellow ground colouration. Hyaline band extends to hindmargin: 
submarginal is faintly interrupted and shorter. The first subcostal spot of forewings is absent, the second 
strongly reduced. Hind marginal spot smaller but elongated, cell end spot of quincunx formation. Both subcostal 
spots and also the submarginal are absent on the underside. Hind marginal spot divided in two by the nervure 
of the fold which is dusted over with white. Hindwings have characteristically large black ocelli: the subcostal 
is oval almost divided into two spots bv the subcosta which is suffused with white. Submarginal is absent, 
basal spots without red. Matsttmtjra describes the race chosensis from Mount Hakuto in Corea, which is 
close to mandschuriae, distinguishable however from same by a light yellowish tone to the wings of both sexes. 
The o has small spots in the hyaline margin, of which the three lower ones are wider and the submarginal band 
lias narrower lunules. Ocelli of the $ are almost the same as those of the <$, they have a wide black ringlet and 
white pupil. The first anal spot without red. Expanse of is 80—84 mm and of the 9 90 mm. - The race of 
Ischiliensis O. B.-H. is from the province of Chihli, from Lin-si-hien on the eastern side of the mountains of 
Chingan. It is smaller than davidis Oberth. (Vol. 1, p. 26) which flies 300 km southwest, wing contour more 
elongated and pointed, black markings more heavily developed. Subcostal and hindmarginal spots of forewings 
generally with red centres. The 9 is more darkly hyaline than chosensis Mats, and dusted especially on the 
fore wings with black-brown between the median and hindmarginal spots widely from the cell to the submarginal 
band. Hyaline margin of hindwings is wide, with whitish triangles in the margin forming thereby large 
somewhat truncate glassy cones. The submarginal consists of narrow, fairly heavily black falces. Anal spots 
are deep black united by a black dusted area with the submarginal and median ocellus. — The subsp. anna 
Bryk from the Chingan Mountains is not distinguishable from davidis Oberth. (recte davidi Oberth.) all the 
differences mentioned being aberrative. davidis Oberth. (Vol. 1, p. 26) is not a separate species but must be 
deemed a subspecies of nomion. ab. schaufussi Bryk is identical with virgo Schauj. (Vol. 1, plate 14 b). 
The race of oberthuerianus from Hoang-yong-shan (Mountains west of Peking) is a very variable race, the chief 
characteristics of which are the size and the strikingly light colouration. The 9 is very pale, margin white and 
black, hyaline margin and submarginal narrow as in davidis, the submarginal however not so dark only extending 
to cubitalis 2. The three spots in the forewings that are typical of nomion are fully filled with red with 
black surrounds. Base of forewings not so dark as with mandschuriae and davidis. In the hindwings the 
round red ocelli are uniformly surrounded with black Both anal spots only moderately developed. The* 
red spot above the base of the cell is ruby red. The submarginal is reduced to five leadgrey spots situate 
internervally: hyaline margin similarly considerably reduced. Extremities of nervules show black fringes. 
