Publ. 31. XII. 1929. 
PARNASSIUS. By Chr. Bollow. 
73 
On the underside the 4 basal spots are more faintly developed than in davidis, and the ocelli have white 
pupils: of the 3 anal spots the middle one has a red centre. From the middle of the hindmargin to the end of 
the cell there is a faint black band. Antennae are scaled with creamy yellow. In the hyaline margin of the <$ 
large light sagittate spots stretch from the border forming thereby a glassy arc-like band. Submarginal dissolved 
into loose spots and reaching to cubitalis 2. Ocelli of the hindwings smaller than in davidis: subcostal oval 
with elongated white centre, the median with small white centre. Half the basal cell is filled with the black 
marking of the hindmargin which unites also with the anal spots and surrounds the cell to the end of same. 
Submarginal extinct except for a few indistinct scalings. The extremities of the nervules have long cuneiform 
glassy marks which are edged with black towards the base almost touching the submarginal. Wing contour 
elongated, somewhat pointed. In ab. divisionista Brylc which belongs here the first subcostal spot has a double divisionisla. 
red centre. — subsp. theagenes ( Fruhst. i. 1.) 0. B.-H. comes from the mountains around the town of Lantchow theagenes. 
in east Kansu. Ground colour white and the ocelli are smaller than in richthofeni 0. B.-H., also the submarginal 
generally extends beyond cubitalis 2. The graphica condition appears to occur frequently, the colour of the 
ocelli is generally less dark red than in richthofeni, the variability is fairly great in contrast to the closely related 
subsp. sinensis 0. B.-H. from the neighbourhood northwest of the town of Hsining of Tsingschilin in the eastern sinensis. 
slopes of the Nan-Shan. This is a considerably smaller race than theagenes which has a wider hyaline margin 
in both sexes than richthofeni. The margin is generally not interspersed with white spots and when this is the 
case they are smaller than in allied races. Submarginal in both wings more pronounced than in theagenes, ocelli 
brighter but considerably smaller than in this race. — From the Richthofen mountains south of the town of 
Liang-chan in the north of Kansu subsp. richthofeni 0. B.-H. the most beautiful and variable of all nomion 
races flies. It is remarkable by its extremely luxurious markings and the size of the ocelli, as well as the extension 
of the red markings. The variability is enormous and in order to give the fullest possible description of the race I 
record the following most frequent aberrations given by 0. Bang-Haas. In the forewings: ab. monopicta 0. 
B.-H. has only the 3rd subcostal spot with red centre. — ab. rubropicta 0. B.-H. with 1st and 3rd subcostal 
spots with red centres, this is the most frequent form in contrast to the former which is extremely rare. ab. 
albipicta 0. B.-H. has the red subcostal spots with white centres. —ab. tripupillata 0. B.-H. has subcostal spots 1, 
3 and 4 with red centres, this is a more common form than ab. tripicta 0. B.-H. which has the 1st, 2nd and 3rd 
subcostal spots with red centres. - In ab. quadripicta 0. B.-H. all 4 subcostal spots have red centres. — Very 
darkly dusted specimens which especially occur in the SS sex are ab. nigricans 0. B.-H. — On the hindwings 
there are also frequent variations: if both anal spots are without red it is ab. indecora 0. B.-H. and if only the 
first anal spot has a red centre then it is ab. semidecora 0. B-.H. — If the submarginal is dissolved into spots 
and very reduced we have ab. reducta 0. B.-H. and when the submarginal is extinct ab. totireducta 0. B.-H. 
— Specimens with rose red coloured ocelli are called roseoniaculata 0. B.-H., if with yellow ocelli colouration 
ab. flavomaculata 0. B.-H. - If the ocelli are quite red without white pupil it is rubromaculata 0. B.-H., if 
the white spot in the ocelli is divided then it is ab. graphica 0. B.-H. 
P. discobolus Alph. (Vol. 1, p. 28) should actually be called thianschamca Oberth. as this name has two 
years priority. The species described by the American Ehrmann P. goniscus, P. imhovi and P. ivahlbergi are 
identical with discobolus according to the researches of Avinov. — ; In place of romanovi Gr.-Gshm. (Vol. 1, 
p. 28, Plate 14 c) which is preoccupied the name of grumbrshimailoi 0. B.-H. should be substituted. - nigricans 
Stgr. (Vol. 1. p. 28) is not a conditional form but a race from the western part of the Thianshan, a counterpart 
to the race from the eastern Thianshan, Lob-Noor and Bowo-Goro, the sid^sp. erebus Vrty. ( Gr.-Grschm. i. 1.). 
This is an extreme nigricans form in which the whole upper surface of all the wings is almost uniformly scaled 
with black. A conditional form belonging thereto is d'-ab. rotundata Vrty. with very truncate wing contour and 
more roundish lunules which separate the 2 marginal bands on the forewings and hindwings. — $-ab. nero 
Shelf, is more uniformly scaled with dark black, marginal bands confluent and without light lunules. Ocelli 
and other markings are normal. — ab. erema Stichel is very close to the name type form but without trace of a 
submarginal band on all wings. — The ab. quincunx Brylc has the end cell spot analogous to the already described 
aberration in other species. — $-ab. rhododaktylos Brylc shows the union of the subcostal band with red centre 
and a 3rd anal spot on underside also with a red centre: from Karaigetan, Narynsk. — (J-ab. virgo Brylc from 
Wernej has no red in the subcostal band on the upperside, on the other hand on the underside a minute red 
centre in the 2nd subcostal spot. - The ab. perfusa Brylc has no red scaling on the fore wings. On the hindwings, perfusa. 
of the very large ocelli the subcostal has a few red scales whilst the median shows a semicircular deep red centre. 
On the underside the purple-red centres of the ocelli have wide black surrounds. At the base the first basal 
spot shows a few red scales, otherwise all spots are deep black. On the upperside the forewings around the 
disc and the hindwings are completely covered with fine black scales. — ab. caeca Shelf, shows ocelli of the caeca. 
hindwings on the upperside quite black, on the underside with still a few red scales, which are embedded in the 
large black ocelli. There are no white pupils. Anal spots and also the spots of the forewings are quite black 
on the ripper and undersides. — ^-ab. lacrimans Niepelt comes from Thian-Shan and has intensively red lacrimans 
Supplementary Volume 1 10 
richthofeni. 
monopicta. 
rubropicta. 
albipicta. 
tripupillata. 
tripicta. 
quadripicta. 
nigricans. 
indecora. 
semidecora. 
reducta. 
totireducta. 
roseomcicu- 
lata. 
flavomacu¬ 
lata ■ 
rubromacu¬ 
lata. 
graphica. 
thian- 
schanica. 
grumbr¬ 
shimailoi. 
nigricans. 
erebus. 
rotundata. 
nero. 
erema. 
quincunx. 
rhododak¬ 
tylos. 
virgo. 
