PARNASSIUS. By Chr. Bollow. 
79 
more rarely occur in both ocelli. The margin of all wings is wide and brown and separated by small white lunules 
from the equally very heavy submarginal band. Anal spots are faint without blue colouration. The black 
marking of the basal area in the hindwings stretches to the ocelli. In the name type form of hunza Gr.-Grsh. 
the $ has the median ocellus reduced to a small black spot which in ab. deficiens Avin. (= exoculata 0. B.-H.) deficiens. 
has quite disappeared so that the ocelli are quite absent there. — Verity describes the race chitralica from chilralica. 
the Baroghil valley, 3600 m high, in Chitral which he denominates as being closely related to hunza. It differs 
from this by its generally smaller size and much darker appearance. All the black markings in the forewings 
are more copious, bands wider but very diffuse. Also the submarginal of the hindwings is heavier than in hunza 
and extends to cubitalis 1 being distinctly separated from the hyaline margin by a band of the ground colour. 
Ocelli are larger and both ocelli are always developed also in the 9. — The race kafir Avin. flies in the mountains kafir. 
between Kila-Drosh and Kafiristan: it is close to chitralica Vrty. but the band conjoining the cell and sub¬ 
marginal which always occurs in chitralica is absent in it. The brownish submarginal of the hindwings always 
has a few pale spots. The form of the hindwings is especially narrow with distinct sharp angle at media 1. 
The GS have deep black anal spots and dark median ocelli. In the $ the anal spots are faintly indicated by 
a few scales and the median ocelli show pale blood red centres. The subcostal ocelli are black in both sexes. 
— Among a series of nicevillei Avin. a single aberrative <$ was found which according to the investigations of 
O. Bang-Haas should be determined as belonging to a special race. This is cardinalina Avin. from the Burzil cardina 
Pass north-east of Gurais in north Kashmir. It is a transition between the indian and turkestan delphius races * mo 
and differs from cardinal Gr.-Grsh. (Vol. 1, Plate 15 f) only by the dark margin of the hindwings and the absence 
of white centres on the underside. — subsp. mamaievi 0. B.-H. (Avin. i. 1.) (5 b) from the ravine of Jurrus, west mamaievi. 
of the town of Ladakh (Leh), Shanmi in the lower Ladak is the most southern of delphius races. The ground 
colour is white: the traverse submarginal bands of all wings are very heavy and widely separated from the 
hyaline margin by a band of ground colour. The hindmarginal spot of the forewings is rectangular or oblong. 
Ocelli are mostly filled with red or yellow, sometimes however quite black. There are 2 distinct anal ocelli 
present with blue centres. — Avinoff describes the race workman! from a 9 from the Saltoro Glacier in Baltistan workmani. 
which is said to be a transition between mamaievi (5 b) and hunza (VoJ. 1, Plate 16 b). The submarginal bands 
resemble those of mamaievi but are very reduced and dissolved into single dark spots. Subcostal ocellus 
is black. The middle area of the forewings similar to hunza. The wings are covered with dark scales along the 
veins (in the third media). 
P. stoliczkanus Fldr. (Vol. 1, p. 33, Plate 16 c) according to the latest investigations of 0. Bang-Haas stoliczka- 
is to be considered a separate species from delphius. Felder and Elwes had previously come to the same nh 
decision. There are constant and striking differences and no transition forms have yet been discovered. In 
stoliczkanus the marginal and submarginal bands are generally confluent to a wide black band. Marginal ocelli 
to the extent of 5 present, occasionally only a 6th occurs as a faint spot, the colouration of the same is dark 
blue to black generally with a light blue centre. The median ocellus with a red centre lies closer to the margin 
than in delphius and the submarginal ocellus often consists of a faint spot or is quite extinct. The vesicular 
pouches of the 99 are small and the 2 lobes are more truncate than in delphius. As belonging to the name 
type form ab. immaculata Avin. (= exoculata 0. B.-H.) was described from “a hill in the south of Rupshu” immacu- 
in which both ocelli are totally absent. According to the new conception the following subspecies belong to ?ai 
stoliczkanus'. atkinsoni Mr. (Vol. 1, p. 33), stenosemus Honr. (Vol. 1, Plate 16 b). The following new races are 
described: rileyi Tytl. from Astor in the Rupal valley and Farsat Pass leading to Chilas. The forewings have rileyi. 
a distinct costal band. The hindwings have a round median ocellus moderately large as well as 4 to 5 very 
small submarginal ocelli. - Avinoff describes the race nicevillei from the Burzil Pass, northeast of Gurais nicevillei. 
in north Kashmir. It can be considered a transition from atkinsoni to stoliczkanus and it is smaller than the 
former. It differs chiefly through the darker markings, especially in the discal area of the forewings, also the 
black bands appear to be narrower. The median ocellus of the hindwings is large and pale red, sometimes 
narrowly surrounded with black. It is much larger than the subcostal ocellus which seldom has a red centre 
and sometimes may be quite absent. It reminds one thereby of stoliczkanus. The blue ocelli are placed in a 
darker submarginal zone than in atkinsoni, the paler intermediate areas are narrower or absent. - subsp. 
zogilaica Tytl. (5 b) from the Zogila Pass on the way from Srinagar to Leh in north Kashmir shows a yellowish zogilaica. 
ground colour and heavy marking of the forewings. The hyaline margin is separated by a continuous row of 
longish spots from the broad brownish submarginal band and extends to the hindmargin. The subcostal band 
extends to media 3 and is angulated then and considerably reduced in size to somewhat over cubitalis 2. In 
the hindwings the median ocellus is unusually large, almost quadrangular and dull red as the anal spot, both 
narrowly surrounded with black. The subcostal spot is almost always absent in both sexes. In the wide 
marginal border there are 6 submarginal ocelli of which the 2nd to 5th have blue centres. — From the Turn 
Turn Thang mountains in Spiti, northwest of Poo in a northerly direction from the Sutley river the race of 
