Publ. 3. I. 1930. 
PARNASSIUS. By Chr. Bollow. 
81 
sis. 
tiensis. 
The submarginal of the hindwings is distinctly indicated by a row of spots. The reduction of the ocelli to 
minute black spots is characteristic. — The race tagaSangi 0. B.-H. flies in July on the Tagalang Pass, 5000 m tagalangi. 
altitude, south of Gya in southern Ladak. The race is said to resemble acco illustrated in Vol. 1 , plate 10 c, it 
is intermediate between Verity’s figure of acco and hampsoni Avin., but it is smaller and paler than the former. 
In the forewings all three bands are well developed and heavier than in hampsoni and the submarginal spots 
of the hindwings also. — The subsp. pundjabensis 0. B.-H. (5 c) comes from the Tum-Tum-Thang Mountains pundjdben- 
5000 m, north of the Sutley River and of Poo (Pu) in East Spiti where it occurs in July and is closest to the 
name type form. All three bands of the forewings extend fully to the hindmargin. There are frequently three 
red spots in the costal band. Ocelli and basal spot of the hindwings are extremely bright red, but the red soon 
pales and can even turn to a yellowish shade. On the undersides freshly caught specimens show a beautiful 
peach red. — The ab. bidentafa 0. B.-H. occurs as a variety of this race, in which the two submarginal lunules bidentata. 
between media 2 and cubitalis 1 unite forming a crescent, which is caused by the absence of media 3 in the 
hindwings. The number of marginal lunules is thereby reduced from the usual 6 to 5: generally this aberration 
is only found on one side, but symmetrical specimens also occur. — A closely allied race is chumurtiensis 0. B.-H. chumur- 
from Chumurti, Shilang (Shining) Pass in West Thibet, flying from the end of July to the middle of August 
at an altitude of 4800 m. It is generally darker than the previous and has a wider marginal in the forewings: 
the spots of the submarginal are smaller and the costal band is frequently interrupted. In the hindwings the 
lunules of the submarginal are larger and the upper two often confluent. — In the Ghumbi valley 15 000 to 
17 000 ft and at Pang-la the small and poorly marked hanningtoni Avin. (= hunningtoni Avin.) (5 e) flies in hanning- 
April and as a matter of fact generally near the habitat of the much larger and more richly marked gemmifer 
Fruhst. (Vol. 1 , p. 34). Perhaps hanningtoni is a new species, but it cannot be denied that there is a possibility 
that acco has two generations. A decision can only be reached after examination of further material and careful 
investigations. All bands and black markings of the *forewings are enormously reduced and in the hindwings 
only small points are left representing the submarginal band besides the black marking of base and hindmargin. 
Ocelli quite extinct. — The race of mirabilis 0. B.-H. has been established from a $ from Gyantse in central mirdbilit 
Thibet. Its expanse is 53 mm and it distinguishes itself from all known races by its strong adumbration and 
completely variant markings. On the forewings the 3 bands are almost confluent only slightly separated by 
light patches of ground colour. In the hindwings the melanism is still more striking, they are almost 
completely black with the exception of a fine white line between the black margin and the marginal 
ocelli of which the first two are filled with blue. The two ocelli and the basal spot of the upperside are brilliant 
red, on the underside peach red, as in all fresh acco. — The largest race of acco is probably baiieyi South which baileyi. 
occurs at the end of May at Litang, Yatang and Rama-la in S. E. Thibet at an altitude of 12 000 -15 000 ft. 
Wingshape is rather more rounded and the adumbration of forewings, especially the hindmargin is heavier than 
in mirabilis. Hindwings are lighter, submarginal being only indicated by a few faint streaks lying internervally. 
The margin is only narrowly shaded and the ocelli much smaller than those of mirabilis. — 
toni. 
P. simo Gray (Vol. 1, p. 34) (5 e). The same as has been said of acco applies in regard to the habitat simo. 
of the type of the name form. Formerly so many heterogeneous races were united under simo, that we must 
expect sub-divisions of the species as and when more material is available and further observations give a 
better perspective of the distribution of the various races. — ab. nigroinspersa Vrty. is a strongly melanic form nigroinsper- 
of the $, which is more or less uniformly covered with browny black leaving only a few pale patches on the 
forewings and whitish bands on hindwings. — ab. seitzi Bryh is an aberration of the veins of forewings, cubitalis 1 
being ingrown with cubitalis 2 . From Karakorum in the North and from Shahidulla south of Chotan we have 
a race very close to the name form, confusus O. B.-H. which the author mistook for same before he had been confusus. 
informed of the actual home of the name form. It is much more darkly marked, has larger red ocelli, but above 
all the A has much more elongated wing contour. O. Bang-Ha as describes a new race peteri from a pair caught peteri. 
on the Shipki Pass on the thibetan border of the Bashahr State. It is of chalky white ground colour on the 
forewings and the costal band is not fully developed. It is only distinct to media 2 , then scarcely perceptible 
to the faint hindmarginal spot. The submarginal band is finely dentate: in fresh ^ the ocelli are red, the only 
A is somewhat rubbed. — 0. Bang-Haas obtained in August the new race simoides O. B.-H. from Zanskar, simoides. 
S. W. of the town of Leh (Ladak) 4800 m, which varies considerably from the name type. Expanse is 39—41 mm, 
i. e. much smaller than confusus from the northern slopes of Karakorum. The marginal and submarginal bands 
of the forewings are wide and in the 9 the wide costal band extends to the hindmargin, but in the A it is not 
complete and the costal spots and hindmarginal spot are isolated and not united. Submarginal band of hind¬ 
wings distinctly dentate, similar to acconus Fruhst. (Vol. 1 , p. 34). The ground colour is white with a tinge 
of yellowish, varying from peteri which is purer white and at the same time with lesser black markings; on the 
other hand confusus is more thinly scaled and more transparent. — The subsp. avitioffi Vrty. ( = avinovi Avin.) avin ofji. 
from the Beik Pass 18 000 ft in Hindukush is very close to simulator Stgr. (Vol. 1 , p. 34). It is characterised 
Supplementband 1 11 
