96 
PIERIS. By Chr. Bollow. 
lower spot remains isolated. ■— elongata Gelin is a deformity with very elongated wings, the right one wavy. 
vasquezi. — Colour variations are as follows: — ab. vasquezi Oberth. from Castilia has yellowish-white upperside and 
pronounced yellow costa, the apical marking suffused blackish. On the undersides of the fore wings there 
cyniphia. is a bright yellow streak on the costa. — Turati describes a form cyniphia from Cyrenaica which is similar 
to lepidii Fob. (Yol. 1, p. 45), all the black markings are reduced especially the streak on the inner margin 
of the forewings. Base of the wings and costa are dusted greyish, not black. The varieties described from the 
same locality ab. vernalis Trti. and the summer form sublutea Trti. show such slight variations that they 
are scarcely worthy of denomination, and the same applies to italorum Std. from Aspromonte which is said 
to be a transition between chariclea, catoleuca and lutea Fob. Stauder describes still a $ ab. pseudocatoleuca 
■flava. from the coastlancls. — flava Krul. is a counterpart to lutea Fob. The upperside of the wings is a delicate 
posiiceoch- yellow as in podalirius. — ab. posficeochreata Vrty. from England has a pale ochre-yellow upperside of the 
reata. hindwings. — ab. henriettae Pionneau shows grey-white dusted apical marks, not black. — ab. rammei Knop 
llC rammci ^ as 4 yellow T -lbrown stripes each 1 mm wide and 10 mm long in the black apical mark. — venata Vrty. from 
venata. Morocco has in the $ the veins of the underside and in the $ on the upper and undersides coloured grev- 
cypria. violet. - cypria is a dwarf race from Cyprus named by Verity, which is otherwise identical in all particulars 
azorensis. with catoleuca from Syria. — Rebel introduced subsp. azorensis exclusively from the Azores which otherwise 
appears identical with the chariclea race. — In place of obscurata Oberth. (Vol. 1, p. 45) we should substitute 
nigrescens. nigrescens Newvi. — According to Verity a 3rd generation occurs in Tuscany for which he has created a 
further name in /. tertia. 
canidia. P, canidia Sparrm. (Vol. 1 , p. 45, Plate 20 b). Heyne considers that specimens with pale faintly 
aestiva. extended markings are a 2nd generation and he separates same as aestiva. Precise observations in regard to 
this are urgently desirable. — A beautiful $ aberration from the slopes of the northern Alai is described by 
marginalis. Avinoff as marginalis. The upperside is pure white with a traverse outer marginal band tapering off from the 
forewings to the hindwings and from which the white fringes brightly contrast. The underside of the hindwings 
is very pale yellow without intermingled black scales. The spots up to the margin are enormously distended. 
mars. — Probably the largest and most beautiful of all canidia forms is subsp. mars 0. B.-H. (7 a), the markings 
are similar to those of $ deota Nic. ( Vol. 1, Plate 20 a) only the apical spot is smaller. Kanso, Lio-Jang, Tsing- 
minima. ling mountains. — Verity has given the name of minima to a small race from Thibet which does not exceed 
palaearctica in size and has very pale reduced markings and the hindwings copiously powdered with grey on 
the underside. 
krueperi. P. krueperi Stgr. (Vol. 1, Plate 20 b). A race occurs in Syria which analogously to other species occurring 
there is remarkable by its smallness and reduced markings, the underside shows a beautifnl lively yellow, 
syra. syra Vrty. 
rapae. 
divisa, 
conj ugata ■ 
hallena. 
trimaculata. 
praeterita. 
unimacu- 
lata. 
sabpunc- 
tata. 
hyperpunc- 
tata. 
nigropunc- 
iata. 
binigrata. 
rossioides. 
canidiae- 
f or mis. 
vestalis. 
brunneojla- 
vida. 
zelleri. 
mxnor. 
iriangulaia 
P. rapae L. (Vol. 1, p. 46). Varieties with increased markings are newly described as follows: ab. divisa 
Gelin has the 2nd spot of the forewings subdivided in two. — ab. conjugata Vrty. (= posteropunctata Stack.) 
has the 2 spots of the fore wings united by a more or less heavy line, this form is very frequent in Asia. —Very 
similar is ab. hallena Bandermann in which besides the conjunction of the 2 spots there is a further black streak 
uniting same with the apical marking, the upperside of all wings is strongly yellowish. — ab. trimaculata Vrty. 
has a further 3rd spot in the forewings, all 3 being confluent and forming a band. — $ ab. praeterita Krul. 
( = bimaculata Vrty.) has 2 black-spots in the forewings as in the $. — ab. unimaculata Dziurcz. has only one 
spot on the forewings. — ab. subpunctata Ivuklmann has a black spot under the disc of the hindwings. — $ ab. 
hyperpunctata Scheffner has the upperside of the wings coloured creamy yellow-, the angles of all wings blackish, 
a black streak from the lower spot of the forewings to the margin. -— nigropumctata Lamb, has a small but 
distinct spot between 3. radialis and 1. median of the hindwings. — ab. binigrata Der. has 2 further black spots 
on the hindwings, one below the costal spot, the other between the first costal and 3rd median nervure. - 
rossioides Std. has a black spot in the disc otherwise very similar to messanensis Z. (Vol. 1, p. 46) from Aspromonte. 
canidiaeformis Drenoivslci from the Ryla mountains has reduced markings similar to canidia-palaearctica 
Stgr. — Denominations of colour variations have been given as follows: vestalis Std. a spring form from the 
Mediterranean, the upper and undersides of the wings pure white.—ab. brunneo-flavida Std. is light brownish on 
the upper and undersides as well as the whole body and the feelers. — ab. zelleri Std. the summer form from 
Aspromonte has an extension of the black markings of the upperside, the hindwings yellowish underneath 
wdthout black dusting. — alba Seebold from Spain is quite similar to leucotera Stef. — flavicans $ Krul. is 
identical with flavescens Fob. — minima Vrty. is a dwarf form from Florence and mairlotti Lamb, similarly 
from Belgium which are synonymous to minor Costa. — Verity proposes to give names for the various 
generations of which aestiva nom. nov. pro metra Steph. is decidedly to be rejected. The 2nd generation from 
June to July he names secunda, that of August tertia and if one does not like this name he gives phaiosoma 
to select from! This is said to be a transition to leucosoma Sckaiu., very small without black at the base of the 
wings, all markings greyish and reduced. The 4tli and 5th (?) generations are called ultima Focci. In the 2nd 
and 3rd generations we find ab. triangulata Vrty. which has the apical mark in the form of an equillateral 
