PIERIS. By Chr. Bollow. 
99 
apicenu- 
dala 
(jar is 
henrici. 
adalwinda. 
leovigilda. 
lemons. 
hindwings and is subject to considerable variability. The $ form with lively yellow colouration going over into 
orange has been named vivida by Verity. — In July and August in Central Sweden a second generation, vivida. 
linnaei Vrty., flies of which the CC are distinguishable by larger apical marks, and on the underside the stripes linnaci. 
are grey-green being clearer and darker than in the first generation. — Mid-Europe, South-England and North 
France is the locality of septrionalis Vrty., our napi L. of the first generation. Verity describes of these 
apicenudata <$ from England in which the apical mark is dissolved in a row of triangular spots of lead-grey 
colour at the extremities of the veins, in the $$ these are often also absent. — From Ireland and Scotland a 
race is described as britannica Vrty. which is remarkable by its smallness and the corresponding intensity of britannica. 
the black markings, whilst the veins are edged with light grey. - - To the intermedia group belongs a $ car- carnea. 
nea Vrty. from the Hebrides. The base of the forewings and the disc to the apex are covered with flesh coloured 
scales which are lightly covered by grey. Verity has still named praenapaeae from North France and South praena- 
England which is a first generation of subnapaeae. According to his very indistinct description there are no paeac 
differences that can be clearly stated. -— subsp. vulgaris Vrty. is a napi of the first generation of the race vulgaris. 
flying around Florence. It is larger with more lively colouring and marking than specimens from Mid-Europe. 
The forms of the $ with pale ochre yellow colouration on the underside have been named ochreata Vrty. — ochreata. 
A small dwarf-like race from Sierra Nevada with the appearance of the florentine vulgaris of the first generation 
is called microvulgaris Vrty. — In the high Pyrenees there are CS of var. henrici Oberth the apex of the microvul- 
underside of the forewings is dark yellow-grey, all the veins of the hindwings are widely surrounded with 
grey-green which merges together at the base of the wings. — subsp. adalwinda Fruhst. from Fiume is very 
close to bryoniae, particularly the f. obsoleta Rob. It is charcaterised by more whitish ground colour and 
by many darker brown spots in the distal area of the forewings. —- subsp. leovigilda Fruhst. is still larger 
than meridionalis Ruhl-Heyne, with very extended black discal spot and extensive black markings 
of the $$ which are nearly always conjoined with the apical marks by wide black streaks. The underside 
in the <$ pale yellowish-green, in the 2 uniform pale yellow to ochre yellow. Savoy. — micromeridionalis 
Vrty. are specimens of the summer generation and according to the description a small intermediary 
form which is found everywhere in middle Italy and does not deserve a name, just as little as does the 
third generation stauderi Vrty., which only trivially differs from the second. — Rostagno describes from 
the surroundings of Rome a third generation barraudi which is as large as the summer generation with barraudi. 
reduced black markings and more grey, the apical marks with white lines. All the wings on the upper and 
undersides powdered with black. — unions Vrty. comes from the damp regions of the coast of Tuscany round 
Forte dei Marme. The markings, which are otherwise black, are more dark grey, especially in the basal area. 
All the veins are darkly scaled, almost streak-like in the 2. The underside is whitish or pale yellow with 
sharply outlined dark scaled veins. — Of ab. tarda Vrty. and tenuemaculata Vrty. of the third generation from 
Florence, the first is almost identical in appearance with the spring generation, the other has reduced apical 
marks. — f. pseudocanidia Std. belongs here, it is from the calabrian Alps. The black markings of the forewings 
resemble in size those of melete, the hindwings those of canidia. — From Aspromonte we have f. rapaeula Std. 
reminding one of rapae and $ f. regressiva Std. which is probably identical with radiata Rob. — - $-ab. patunae patunae. 
Std. has sulphur yellow ground colour and increased heavy black marking. In the hindwings a small postero- 
maculata spot, underside of the base of the forewings and the disc white, apex beautiful sulphur yellow, hind¬ 
wings uniform canary yellow; belonging to meridionalis from the Mediterranean. — ab. marginestixis Dann. 
flies amongst the light summer $ $ of napaeae and meridionalis. The veins of the hindwings are without dusting, 
but there is a row of striking, streak-like points on the extremities of the veins. Roman Campagna and Cibin 
mountains. — subsp. maura Vrty. from Algeria is characterised by the underside of the hindwings. These are maura. 
white with faint greenish tinge, without any admixture of yellow, the veins with narrow pale grey margins. 
The second generation differs by the stronger, heavier marking of the spots and was separated by Hole 
as blidana. — subsp. atlantica Rothsch. from northwest Africa has white ground colour on the upperside, the blidana. 
veins dusted with black or with grey. The black median spot is much larger than in typical napi. On the ailantlca - 
underside there is scarcely a trace of green. — subsp. segonsaci le Cerf is similar to subtalba Schima but with segonsaci. 
black markings: two subapical spots between veins 5 and 7 in the forewings and a diffuse angulated spot 
between veins 3 and 4 on the underside of the hindwings. Apex of forewings yellow or ochre. Morocco. - 
f. deflava le Cerf differs only in that the underside is neither yellowish nor ochre colour. — subsp. atlantis deflava. 
Oberth. from the Moroccan Atlas has the upperside of the wings whitish with quite faint yellowish tone. In the 
q the apical spot is dissolved, being faintly developed and grey: median spot small and grey. The markings 
of the $ are also reduced and greyish. Underside of the forewings with small pale yellow apex and 4 small 
black spots: the hindwings pale yellow with veins faintly dusted with grey. — pseudorapae Vrty. (7 b) from pseudora- 
Syria is strikingly like rapae leucotera Schaio. Upperside white with diffuse delicate grey apical mark. The pnc 
whole underside of the hindwings powdered with grey scales, the veins appearing less prominently. — The 
ab. minima Vrty. is a dwarf form from Beirut. — <$-ah. suffusa Vrty. from the Transcaucasus has very wide 
diffuse streaks along the veins on the underside of the hindwings, otherwise like pseudorapae. — caucasica Vrty. 
is a summer form. The C i s remarkable by the extensive deep black markings, the 2 reminds one of the 
spring form of intermedia Krul. all the veins being embedded widely in diffuse brownish black. — persis Vrty. persis. 
is the summer generation from Persia of pseudorapae Vrty. from Syria and almost identical. — A dark race from 
pseudoca- ■ 
nidia. 
margine¬ 
stixis. 
minima. 
suffusa. 
caucasica. 
