LEUCOCHLOE. By C'hr. Bollow. 
banghaasi. 
vitimensis. 
pseudome- 
lete. 
aesti va. 
nesis. 
saghalensis. 
regressa. 
bryona- 
paeae. 
metabryo- 
niae. 
verbani. 
flavosatura. 
flavointer- 
jecta. 
emibryo- 
niae. 
violascens. 
bryoniella. 
bryonides. 
narina. 
cuorientis. 
frigida. 
pseudobry- 
oniac. 
daplidice. 
rondo ui. 
flavopicta. 
el uia. 
minor, 
minuscula. 
ochrea. 
expansa. 
ampla. 
nitida. 
anastomo- 
sia. 
zapelloni. 
100 
Thianshan has been named by Sheljuzhko banghaasi. The ground colour is white with pale yellowish surround 
and brown-black dusting of the forewings, almost like bryoniae, but the white ground colour stands out 
brightly. The underside of the hindwings is greenish yellow with especially heavily scaled grey veins. The 22 
sometimes without spots in the forewings and the underside often pale grey without black scales. — vitimensis 
Vrty. is a race from Vitim in Transbaikalia and resembles pseudomelete from the Ussuri district, but the 
forewings also have black powdering between the veins. pseudomelete Vrty. from the Ussuri district as far 
as Japan has the upperside whitish, all veins uniformly surrounded with black-brown and on the underside 
the surround is wider and more diffuse than in melete orientis Oberth. The summer form has been called by 
Verity f. aestiva, it differs from the spring form only through the 2nd discoidal spot which is clearly marked 
on the underside. Yesso (Japan). — subsp. nesis Fruhst. is considerably larger than pseudomelete Vrty. The 
apex of the forewings is more widely marked with black, the underside of both sexes on the hindwings is pale 
ochre yellow with wide black-grey marks along the veins. In the Hokkaido, -subsp. saghalensis Nakahara 
from Sacha lin is very close to the previous but it is smaller and with less striking apical mark, which is dissolved 
and consists of a few' black scales. The disc on the underside shows no trace of black scales and the second 
and third veins are not half so widely surrounded as in nesis. The stripes of the hindmargin of the disc are 
considerably narrower. — regressa Krul. is a nom. nov. for intermedia Krul. ■— The circle of forms around 
bryoniae is very large. The second generation is called bryonapaeae Vrty. It shows very wide margination of 
the veins which often form a dark field towards the outer margin and also on the hindwings they extend to 
a blackly scaled marginal field. — Verity named the third generation metabryoniae, it is very similar to ab. 
meta Wagner. - verbani Vrty. from Monte Mottarone above the Lago Maggiore probably belongs to the second 
generation. The $$ are similar to small napaeae with dark grey markings, the $2 are apparently a transition 
to leovigilda Fruhst. — The race flavosatura Vrty. flies around upper Tux. The $2 are small with bright yellow 
on the upper and undersides. The stripes along the veins are a rich chestnut brown and wider than in interjecta 
and radiata Rob. The stripes of the veins are dark and heavy on the underside. — flavointerjecta is an inter¬ 
mediate form between flavosatura and interjecta from the South Tyrol. emibryoniae Vrty. has the basal part 
of the wings without strijies along the veins as in bryoniae, but in the outer area of the wings there are clear 
cut triangular marks between the veins with the points inwards. This is a summer form from warm and moist 
localities. — ab. violascens Bubacek are freshly emerged bryoniae-QQ which, as is well known, nearly always 
show a beautiful bluish sheen which soon dissipates when the specimens take to the wing or when they are 
placed in collections. — bryoniella Vrty. from Clavieres is smaller than bryoniae. with more sharply pronounced 
stripes along the veins, stretching from the outer margin inwards on the forewings and hindwings. The discal 
spot is generally heavy. — bryonides Vrty. (= neobryoniae Shelj.) flies as a third generation in the Maritime 
Alps. It is distinguished by its enormous size, <J 40—55 mm, 2 40—48 mm, and the considerable variability 
in colour and marking. Specimens occur with the appearance of napaeae, meta and flavescens. narina Vrty. 
is a very small race from Naryn in Turkestan: the has the apex greyer than bryoniae. On the underside 
black-green stripes run along the veins to the margin. On the upperside the 2 is much darker than bryoniae , 
but with paler stripes along the veins. The underside is similar to that of the euorientis Vrty. from Sajan, 
South Siberia. Upperside white, apical mark dissolved in small scale marks and extremities of veins to the 
second nervure of the forewings with small blackish triangular spots. — subsp. frigida Scudd. (7 b) occurs in 
the circumpolar region. The illustrated is from Norway and the 2 which belongs to the forma pseudobryoniae 
Vrty. (7 b) is from the Finnish March. Typical 22 have the stripes along the veins less diffuse and more sharply 
outlined. 
7. Genus: l^eiieoeltloo Rob. 
L. daplidice L. (Vol. 1, plate 21 f). A very melanic form is rondoui Vrty. (7 d) from Hungary. The 
discoidal siiot of the forewings is diffuse black-brown and conjoined with the apical mark. The underside of 
the hindwings is green with faint traces of white spots. — 2~ a b- flavopicta Vrty. from the coast of Tuscany 
has hindwings with pale yellowish green undersides, the otherwise black markings of the forewings are grey. 
- (J-ab. sulphurea Oberth. and 2~ a b. flavescens Oberth. are synonymous with flava Oberth. — 2 _a b- eluta Vrty. 
from Elba has the large black discoidal spots reduced to the size of a small black dot. minor Ksienschopolski 
is a dwarf form from Volhvnia: still smaller is minuscula Vrty. from Sarepta. — Frequently in South Russia 
the 22 °f the second generation ochrea Vrty. fly which have an ochre yellow to yellow-brown colour, especially 
in the costal half of the forewings and the marginal edge of the hindwings. expansa Vrty. also belongs to 
bellidice 0. from Tuscany, expanse very large, 43- -45 mm, and ampla Vrty. from San Martino (Sicily) is still 
larger and of particularly brilliant colouration. Verity’s contention that both forms are races can 
scarcely be upheld. In the sterile region of Spain and over North Africa to Asia Minor we find nitida Vrty. 
This is a form of small dimensions, with wide wings and very convex outer margin. The black markings are 
deeper and more sharply outlined. — J-ab. anastomosia Strd. is a transition to raphani Esp. The white sub- 
marginal spot merges with the ground colour of the wings. Eregli (Asia Minor). — A number of names have 
been coined for the third generation in accordance with its occurrence: zapelloni Rostagno from the surroundings 
