IXIAS; GONEPTERYX. By Chr. Bollow. 
daira. 
nouna. 
biskrensis. 
flavideapi- 
cata. 
biformaia. 
turatii. 
turatii- 
punctatis- 
sima. 
costaenigra- 
ta. 
flavescens. 
regrediens. 
inter posita. 
meierei. 
subpuncta- 
ta. 
feminilis. 
puerilis. 
panandro- 
phila. 
pyrene. 
pallida. 
aspasia. 
zaneka. 
major. 
niphonica. 
rhamni. 
erubesccns. 
rubescens. 
rosea. 
decora. 
variegata. 
nigriapica- 
la. 
hoefnageli. 
rhamnoides. 
britannica. 
pallida. 
transien-s. 
gilgitica. 
chitralensis. 
106 
T. daira Klug , subsp. nouna Luc. (Vol. 1 , p. 57). Lucas’ types of nouna were caught in July-August 
and therefore belong to the summer generation. In his original description Lucas mentions “two black spots' 4 
which may be isolated or united and which lie in the red mark of the fore wings. This summer form should be 
called nouna nouna Luc. and is synonymous with Oberthur’s later description of the summer form as aestivalis. 
The spring form should be denominated as Blaohiers biskrensis f — auresiaca Std.). It is larger than the summer 
form and darker and brighter in colour and marking. The black apical marginal mark is not interrupted on the 
outer border. The underside of the forewings is pure white as is the upperside, at the apex there is a yellow- 
red streak. The $ has considerably more black dusting at the base of the wings than the Stauder named a 
3rd generation pyroleuca which is scarcely to be differentiated from the summer form, the same applies to 
evagorides Std. which flies at the same time. — The f. flavideapicata Std. of the 3rd generation has a pale yellow r 
apex on the upperside instead of the fiery colour, somewhat in the colouration of Midea scolymus Btlr. (Yol. 1, 
23 a). — The autumn generation is called feiformata Std. It has a heavy dusting of the base of the wings and 
in other respects is close to extreme specimens of the spring generation. Stauder has described a number of 
varieties said to be found in the Atlas and around El-Kantara: ab. turatii Std., an extremely melanic form from 
the rainy period in the palaearctic region, it has a posterior black band in the apical spot. — When this form 
has black spots at the extremities of the veins on the underside of the hindwings it is called turatii-punctatissima 
Std., this can occur separately or in other forms and then is denominated accordingly, ab. costaenigrata Std. 
of the 1st generation has black scales on the costal margin on the upperside of the fore wings from the base to 
the apex: $ ab. flavescens and $ ab. regrediens Std. both have a yellowish tone to the white of the upperside: 
ab. interposita Std. is between biskrensis and pyroleuca. G ab. meierei Std. has no black marking on the upperside. 
- ab. subpundata Std. are G<3 with a small spot like that of the $$ on the fore wings of the 1st generation: ab 
feminilis Std. is a G with similar marking and colouration of the upperside to that of the $: puerilis Std. is a 
y with black marking of the forewings reminding one of that of the 3 : panandrophila Std. is a specimen with 
the $ abdomen and colour and marking of the wings. J 
16. Genus : Ixias Hbn. 
I. pyrene L. (Vol. 1, p. 58, plate 23 g). A form with a pale upperside flies in Japan, pallida Nire. 
17. Genus: Gonepteryx Leach. 
G. aspasia Men. (Vol. 1, p. 60, plate 24 b). — subsp. zaneka Mr. (Vol. 9, plate 73 a) from Chitral to 
Kumaon at an altitude of 1800— 3000 m is remarkable by the very enlarged and prominent dentation of the 
hindwings. — The ab. zanekoides Nic. belongs to this race and emanates from upper Burma outside the palae¬ 
arctic region. - - subsp. major Vrty. from Szechuan is clearly characterised by its enormous size, it has very 
large heavily developed discoidal spots and the extremities of the veins are clearly marked and strikingly 
spotted with red. — niphonica Vrty. comes from Japan from Fujiyama, it has bright yellow-orange coloured 
forewings whilst the hindwings are a duller yellow. 
G. rhamni L. (Vol. 1, p. 60). erubesccns du Bois-Reymond is a variety from east Prussia. The GG have 
fore wings of a richer yellow, the $$ are white with a tinge of reddish. On the underside they show a remarkable 
yellow-red colouration. -— The ab. rubescens Gillmer with reddish shaded forewings is probably identical with 
progressa Geest (progressiva Vol. 1, p. 60). rosea Linstow also has forewings shaded with rose colour, except 
for a narrow border at the outer margin, but the median area of the hindwings is similarly coloured, whilst the 
margins are widely yellow. - decora Oberth. with red marks on all wings is a transition to same. — variegata 
Lamb, is irregularly spotted with red on all wings. nigriapicata Reuss has the apical part of the wings widely 
edged with black, the type is badly developed. — ab. hoefnageli Bryk has 7 dark spots lying internervally on 
the underside of the hindwings. — Derenne names rhamnoides a dwarf form of only a third of the normal 
size. —- britannica Oberth. is a ^ with almost wing colouration: synonymous herewith is inversa Hannemann. 
A counterpart is a (J with $ colouration of all wings from the neighbourhood of Berlin called pallida Hanne¬ 
mann. — Verity considers transiens as the type of his italian race of rhamni flying around Florence in upper 
Italy. It is larger and brighter in colouration than the specimens flying in more northerly regions, but it is 
connected with same by transition forms and not sharply to be differentiated. Verity names a 2nd generation 
secunda and a 3rd tertia, names which appear by no means justified. Also minute differences in the tone of 
colour (it remains to be seen whether these are not due to the length of life of the insect) are called albescens, 
ochracea and viridescens. — Tytler describes subsp. gilgitica from northern Kashmir from Gilgit, Astor and 
C'hilas. The $ resembles nepalensis Dbl., the $ differs thereby that the costa of the forewings is distinctly 
coloured ochre-yellow distally, also the apex. The same colour is shown in the basal area and the outer margin 
of the hindwings to the 4th vein. — In chitralensis Mr. (Vol. 9, p. 161) from Chitral the $ has the base of all 
wings a beautiful chrome-yellow tone, this colour gradually goes over into the lighter sulphur-yellow of the 
