COLIAS. By Chr. Bollow. 
109 
chryseis Vrty. has reduced black markings and shows a distinct yellow as ground colour in both sexes. This 
colour is also predominant on the undersides but it is a brighter shade. 
C. phicomone E.sp. (Vol. 1, plate 25 e). This species occurs in a variety of shades which have now all 
received nominations. — ab. torneoensis Sheldon from Lapland shows a uniformly distributed pale yellow on 
the fore and hindwings similar to the marginal spots of typical specimens. — ab. flavida Osthelder (= flava 
Osth.) are $$ with pronounced yellow ground colour. — saturata Aust. from the Grisons has all wings deep 
sulphur yellow with dark dusting all over the wings, especially the hindwings, only the marginal band remaining 
light. Other markings are heavy. — Slightly less heavily marked than saturata is ab. theia Schaw. The ground 
colour is deep greyish yellow. — melinoides Vrty. from the Albula is similar to tyche. — ab. fleischmanni Std. 
is a fine aberration. The whole upperside is a beautiful uniform red and also the underside of the forewings 
shows the same shade of colour, which tones off into ochre yellow on the hindwings. — obscura Ronnicke 
resembles elegans Schawerda but without the pale marginal band of the forewings, only two small spots being 
perceptible at the apex: possibly it is identical with geesti Neubrg. — The So from the high Pyrenees are 
disposed towards melanic aberrations, oberthueri Vrty. (7 f). Instead of being yellow the ground colour of all 
wings shows a more greenish yellow colouration, which is so thickly powdered with black that specimens occur 
which are almost black green. The markings are more or less sharply outlined. — S ab. phaedra Schaw. is the 
counterpart of geesti Neubrg. It is coloured quite pale, light yellowish green and has besides a heavy black 
margin on both wings only rudiments of an inner black outline of a marginal band, which has turned to wide 
pale yellowish green like the ground colour. The nervules are free of black dusting. pallida Hoffm. is also a 
very pale form. The marginal and submarginal bands of the forewings are only indicated by faint grey dusting, 
whilst on the hindwings the submarginal is quite absent, the middle spot being obscured by black grey dusting. 
- ab. gynomorpha Vrty. (= albidior Ronnicke, pallida Sheldon) are SS with female colouration and markings 
i. e. grey on white ground. — ab. privata Ronnicke are S3 °f normal colouring but without a trace of grey 
dusting in the disc of the forewdngs. — Culot names blachieri of which a S was caught above St. Moritz with 
the markings of a palaeno S on the upper and undersides which shows the normal colouring of phicomone and 
which was designated to this species, as palaeno is said not to occur in that locality. - In ab. derosea Wagner 
all the rose coloured markings and colourations of the upper and undersides are absent. The ground colour 
of all wings is canary green on the upper sides and on the underside the apex shows a greenish shade. — S ab. 
passa Vrty. has very reduced markings. The black pigments are replaced by pale brown. — ab. hyalides Vrty. 
is a $ with very reduced marginal band of the forewings and the hindwings are uniformly white, similar to 
many of hyale. — ab. distincfa Ronnicke has specially strikingly developed markings. The marginal and 
submarginal bands of the forewings are grey black, the submarginal band of the hindwings is boldly developed 
and the inner area of the wings is heavily dusted. — ab. fasciata Ronnicke are S3 hi which the pale margin 
of the fore wings is not interrupted by the veins, so that a perfect traverse band extends from apex to the inner 
margin. - connexa Sheldon is similarly marked and coloured but the pale margin is traversed by black nervules. 
— impunctata Vrty. are very pale specimens in which the black discoidal spot of the forewings is missing. - 
castaneapunctata Sheldon has a chestnut brown discoidal spot on the underside of the hindwings which is 
without a white centre. — flavopunctata Sheldon are $$ with orange coloured uppersides of the hindwings with 
pale sulphur coloured discoidal spot. — ab. pupillata Rehf. (= pupillata Ronnicke, unimaculata Vorbr., uni- 
maculata Pionn.). The median spot of the hindwings consists only of a fairly large pupil, which is more or less 
well developed also on the underside. — In the district of Dachstein peripliaes Fruhst. (7 f) occurs as a race with 
yellow undersides to the wings instead of green. — The race described by Verity as pulverulenta from Oulx 
(Susa valley) is probably identical with periphaes. It is large with heavy markings on the upperside. The 
undersides are also yellow in both sexes and practically without black powdering. — alpiumnitida Vrty. from 
the maritime alps is smaller than pulverulenta with paler, more yellowish underside. The $$ are of normal 
colouration. It can scarcely be maintained as a race. — 
C. montium Oberth. (Vol. 1, plate 25 f). Evans describes a $ as longto from the thibetan frontier 
towards Bhutan: it has a yellowish white ground colour, somewhat paler than the name type but with heavier 
black dusting, reminding one thereby somewhat of cocandica. 
C. alpherakyi Stgr. (Vol. 1, plate 25 e, f). The variability of this species seems to be small. - The ab. 
leucophryna Alph. from Sarafshan are with yellow upperside of all wings and with reduced markings. - 
versa Vrty. from the western Pamir are normal white 1^2 and by no means a separate race. — chitralensis Vrty. 
flies in the high Mountains of Chitral at an altitude of 3600 m. The $$ look extremely similar to those of 
roshana Gr.-Grsh. (Vol. 1, p. 64). The wing contour is more elongated and the black markings are more intensive 
and extended. The underside is green with a bluish tone, densely and coarsely darkly scaled. 
C. sifanica Gr.-Grsh. (Vol. 1, plate 25 f). In the collection of 0. Bang-Haas from the Richthofen 
Mountains at an altitude of 2500m there are SS specimens herculeana ( O. B.-H. i. 1.) (7 f) which are remarkable 
by their unusual size as compared with normal specimens. The upper side of the forewings is yellowdsh white, 
that of the hindwings more yellowish green. The black markings are heavier and deeper black than in typical 
chryseis. 
phicomone. 
torneoensis. 
flavida. 
saturata. 
theia. 
melinoides. 
fleischman¬ 
ni. 
obscura. 
oberthueri. 
phaedra. 
pallida. 
gynomor- 
pha. 
privata. 
blachieri. 
derosea. 
passa. 
hyalides. 
distinct a. 
fasciata. 
connexa. 
impunctata. 
castanea¬ 
punctata 
flavopunc¬ 
tata 
pupillata. 
periphaes. 
alpiumni¬ 
tida. 
montium. 
longto. 
alpherakyi. 
leucophry¬ 
na. 
chitralensis. 
sifanica. 
herculeana. 
