COLIAS. By Chr. Bollow. 
116 
narrow palish band before the border. The hindwings are greenish yellow underneath with pale marginal 
spots; the middle lunule double with a yellow green surround encircled by brownand with a mother-of-pearl 
inspersa. centre. — d'-ab. inspersa Metschl has orange coloured blotches on the yellow areas of the upperside of all 
wings. — ab. aegra Vrty. has the outer half of the wings on the underside bestrewn with black scales. 
bicolor. Apparently this is a pathological form. — §-ab. bicolor Metschl has the upperside of the forewings lemon 
yellow and as if dusted with grey chalk and with a reddish hue towards the disc, whilst with a more palish 
yellow tinge towards the inner margin. The marginal area with large yellowish white marginal spots. Under¬ 
side also lemon yellow with somewhat reddish orange in the disc and all as if covered with chalk. The 
upperside of the hindwings is somewhat darker yellow than the fore wings. The spots are chalky rose. The 
yellow marginal spots form a continuous band, which only leaves a narrow black border. Base of wings 
dusted with grey. Underside of hindwings lemon yellow with glossy white spot doubly surrounded with 
pieszczelci. rusty brown. — $-ab. pieszczeki Predota belongs to the 2nd generation. The ground colour is canary green 
aurantiaca. with small marginal spots in the very wide dark marginal band, with very broad apex. — ab. auratltiaca 
Pieszczek is remarkably similar to helma Geest (Vol. 1, p. 69) only somewhat paler, chiefly the marginal 
spots of all wings. The ground colour is yellow. The two streaks between veins 2 and 4 are orange colour, 
■ilsac. whilst in lielma they are ochre. — 9-ab. ilsae Schaiv. is like helma Geest, but the numerous yellow submarginal 
spots form a band-like row and the black dusting of the base as well as the whole surface of the hind¬ 
wings is more heavy. — According to the particulars of the author agues Pieszczek is identical with helma 
intermedia. Geest. — The following are new additions to the aZ&a-forms: $-ab. intermedia Maurer is of similar appearance 
callos. to alba Stgr., but of very delicate pale yellow ground colour. — ab. callos Maurer also similar to alba Stgr. pale 
yellow but with striking reddish yellow discal area and with a wider marginal band. The double pupilled 
middle spot of the hindwings contrasts very strongly with the dull upperside by its fiery colour and through 
pallescens. being double the size of normal specimens. pallescens Fritsch are very pale specimens without any admixture 
of red with pale yellowish white or yellowish green spots in the black margin. — ab. discolor Fritsch (== eosina 
Fritsch) are specimens of whitish, sulphur yellow colour. — rubroisabellina Fritsch are <$$ of dull reddish white 
rudolfi. appearance, otherwise as alba. rudolfi Ronnicke is an alba form of yellowish ground colour with very 
adumbrated upperside of the forewings so that only a square patch of the middle area to the inner margin is 
still pale yellowish. Hindwings also are dusted dark grey and the large, yellow triangular marginal spots are 
griseomargi- conjoined together forming a band. — (J-ab. griseomarginata Berger has quite an albinotic appearance. All 
nata. ^j ie w j n g S are pale orange yellow and the marginal band is silver grey; the discoidal spot of the forewings is 
striata, similarly coloured. The underside is almost without markings and rather more greenish. —- striata Pieszczek 
show the first inclinations to adumbration in both sexes. Black rays extend from the outer margin towards 
the centre of the wings. — cJ-ab. caliginosa Klos has the upperside of the wings completely covered with black 
powder, the disc has a black brown appearance and the marginal band is only indistinctly visible. The under¬ 
side of the wings shows normal colouration. — ab. nigrovenata Maurer has the upperside almost brown yellow 
and dusted with black. The wing nervures are thickly scaled with black and surrounded with black shading, 
so that a streak-like pattern is created. The orange red middle spot of the underside is surrounded with black. 
- ab. orcus Ronnicke is very similar to inumbrata Schulz, but it is pale yellow instead of orange colour and with 
a completely darkened costa. — nigerrima Pieszczek is not quite so dark as orcus, it is of the 2nd generation. 
It has retained a few punctiform yellow dots in the marginal band. — ab. pupillata Pieszczek has the black 
median spot of the forewings on the upper side with a white centre. — (J-ab. iinpunctata Vrty. has the spot 
reduced to a small dot, whilst on the underside a small ring is shown. - In $-ab. hartnianni Joukl (= depunctata 
Nitzsche) the median spot is quite absent or orange red. In pallidemaculata Metschl. the median spot of the 
hindwings is pale. — $-ab. rima Metschl. is the name given to specimens that have reduced or narrower spots. 
— Pieszczek names specimens unipuncta, where the hindwings in both sexes have a simple orange red spot 
and when the spot is quite absent they are named pallida Pieszczek. — In the form chrysothemides Vrty. the 
marginal band is interrupted by yellow edged veins. — ab. permaculata Pieszczek is a $ of pure orange colour 
with the yellow marginal spots on the upper side of both wings conjoined, forming a band upon which the 
black veins which traverse it, stand out prominently. — ab. demarginafa Pieszczek are specimens with red orange 
colour without marginal spots on the underside of the fore and hindwings. — ab. obscura Skala is a large $ 
with well developed black marginal band, which has suppressed the yellow marginal spots on the forewings. 
Also the hindwings show a bold black double margin. - - ab. angustimarginata Metschl. has the marginal band 
of the fore wings reduced to 2 mm breadth, on the hindwings it is still narrower being 1—1 % mm wide. — Similarly 
pseudomaureri Metschl. but besides there are a few pale spots in the apex, of which the lower one is relatively 
large, merging with the ground colour. — subsp. balcanica Rbl. thanks its description and denomination to 
Schawerda in his zeal for observation. All the forms of this race have been named by Schawerda, where 
it is not mentioned to the contrary and they nearly all originate from Vucijabara in Herzegovina. with 
a bluish hue are called micans. nicholli is a $ of yellow ground colour with a red disc in the forewings and a 
deep red spot on the hindwings. The red on the forewings extends from the base like a flame, as in erschoffi 
tancrei: nicholli corresponds to semialba of the alba group of types. The underside is yellow green with reddish 
anna, yellow base of the forewings, ab. anna is a $ of lemon yellow colour, fheia a sulphur yellow <T of the same 
theia. 
caliginosa. 
nigrovenata. 
orcus. 
nigerrima. 
pupillata. 
impunctata. 
hantmanni. 
pallidema¬ 
culata. 
rima. 
unipuncta. 
pallida, 
chrysothe- 
mides. 
permacu¬ 
lata. 
demurgi- 
nata. 
obscura. 
angustimar¬ 
ginata. 
pseudomau- 
reri. 
micans. 
nicholli. 
