EREBIA. By H. Erhr. v. d. Goltz. 
and size of the ocelli. As a matter of fact the difference is indeed great between specimens with the middle area 
fuscous almost to the base and with 5 eyespots on the forewings and 4 on the hindwings and such with black 
brown being only fuscous in the middle area of the underside and without any eyespots. These however are 
not local races, but different varieties intermingling at one and the same locality. Nevertheless the form that 
shows fuscous over the forewings up to the area of the base may be denominated effusa ab. nov. effusu. 
E„ flavofaseiata Huene has recently been found on the Alpe Veglia in Val-Verzasca and on the St. flavofascia- 
Bernard Pass. As Eiffinger pointed out there is not always a clearly definable difference between the forms 
of the Tessin and the Engadin ( thiemei Bartel). - extrema Schwing. (uniform black without markings on the extrema. 
upperside), pauperrima Vorbr. (“spots and ocelli of all wings strongly reduced”), mirabilis Bergmann ($ with pauperri- 
fuscous spots in the disc of forewings), caeca Krueger (Bands weakly present on all wings but without ocelli) 
are names for aberrations from the Tessin. - warreni Vrty. is a form found in the Rosegg Valley (Grisons) with caeca . 
reduced and “interspersed” band on the underside of the hindwings. warreni. 
E. eriphyle Frr. Two forms are distinguishable, one from the austrian Alps (Carinthia, Styria) being eriphyle. 
the local race in the east and one from the bavarian and swiss alps, also occurring in Piedmont in the west. 
The former is of darker black brown ground colour, the bands particularly on the hindwings are better developed 
and bright fuscous, both ocelli of forewings distinct, the middle area of the underside of forewings heavily 
suffused with rust-red towards the inner margin. It bears the misleading name of tristis H.-Schdff. The name tristis. 
form from Bavaria and Switzerland has in contrast to it a more modest garb both in colour and marking. Frey 
separates - with scarcely sufficient reason — a form with paler and relatively well developed bands from Davos 
(Switzerland) as intermedia. Vorbrodt has given the name reducta to a smaller more dusky coloured form reducta. 
from the Gemini and the Loetschtal, which has small fuscous spots, which may be quite absent on the hindwings, 
forming a dissolved band. In all races the ocelli may be absent in the band (ab. impunctata Hoefn.) specimens impunctata. 
also occur over the whole territory with uniform black hindwings (ab. obscura Hoffm.). Styrian specimens obscura. 
with 3 instead of 2 eyespots in the band of the forewings Hoffmann denominates as ab. tripuncta (= luxurians tripuncta. 
Osth.). Sometimes specimens occur with 4 eyespots and also with eyespots in the bands of the hindwings. Very 
rarely one finds specimens analogous to epiphron nelamus which are quite black: nigra Osth. nigra. 
E. cliristi Baetzer flies not only in the Laquin Valley over a stretch of several kilometers, but also christi. 
elsewhere in the Simplon territory (Zwischberg Valley, Alp Alpien, above Simpeln) in altitudes up to 2000 m. 
It is actually larger than cassiope, but not a third larger as indicated by Eiffinger, being only as large as a 
medium large pharte or mnestra. Not only in the but also in the we find the eyespots here and there 
elongated lengthwise forming streaks. They can also be quite absent on the upper and undersides of the hind¬ 
wings ( = depuncta Weber). depuncta. 
E. mnestra Him. Huebner’s original illustration shows a with 2 black eyespots without pupils, a $ mnestra. 
with one white pupilled and one blind ocellus. Vorbrodt is therefore justified in allotting the name impunctata *) impunctata. 
to the much more common form without ocelli and pupils. Further as I have done one can, name the $ with 
ocelli and without pupils as ab. ocellata and the rare $ with pupils as ab. pupillata. I must admit however that ocellata. 
there is no urgent need for such denominations, mnestra has a limited distribution, occurring in Switzerland, pupillata. 
Bavaria and the North Tyrol at and altitude of 1400 to 3000 m. It is represented in the french Maritime Alps 
by gorgophone Belt. (9 a), which according to Turati and Verity is a true species. Being of the same size as gorgophone. 
mnestra it has especially prominent scent scale spots on the upperside of the forewings in the <$ and a distinct 
grey dusted marginal band on the underside of the much more elongated hindwing. Both ocelli in the apex 
of the forewings are scarcely ever absent. If they are both exceptionally absent and the band of the hindwing 
on the upperside is slightly extended towards the middle of the wings, we have aberration caeca Trti. & Vrty. caeca. 
E. arete F . This very local species has also not escaped having a shower of names bestowed upon it arete. 
for its regularly occurring varieties. From the name form with its well developed fuscous forewing band, which 
rarely has ocelli and the band of separated spots decorated with white pupils on the hindwing, we separate first 
ab. reducta Hoffm. with narrower band on the forewings and reduced band on hindwings, ab. flavescens Hoffm. 
with pale ochreous bands, ab. marginata Thurner with distinct “white-grey dusted band” on the underside of 
hindwings in the and “paler area before the arete row of spots” in the The further aberrations which have 
been denominated only occur in the $, ab. preisseckeri Hoffm. with blind ocelli of the forewings and partially preisseckeri 
blind on hindwings, ab. tripunctata Hoffm. with 3 “eyedots” on the underside of the forewings, ab. ocellata 
Thurner with 5 white pupilled ocelli on the upperside of forewings. 
reducta. 
flavescens. 
marginata. 
tripunctata. 
ocellata. 
*) Vol. 1, plate 36 c last illustration. 
